A model of life-styles based on the form of women's acculturation to academic life is presented, hinging on assumptions of patterned behavior and values expected of women and expected in the academic culture. From 42 intensive interviews, three modes of acculturation emerged, termed reorientation, reaffirmation, and reconstitution. (MSE)

Identified taxonomy of humor that was developed during seven weeks of participant observation in a small, family-owned business. The various types of humor were found to help minimize differences in status and alleviate workplace tension. Humor also had implications for socialization of employees and appeared to create bonds among employees. (TE)

Reviews research on mentorship of minority female professional. Explores and summarizes: types of mentorships; differences in mentorships for minority and White women; who mentors for professional women are; and effects of organizational mobility. Found most mentors were males; minority females were more likely to mentor than Whites; and…

A causal model of organizational commitment was developed from previous theory and research. The model included variables from each of four categories--personal needs, job characteristics, role states, and work experiences--as well as employees' job satisfaction and mental health. It was tested in surveys of nonprofessional and professional…

This paper reviews evidence that employee happiness can substantially affect an organization's performance by influencing employee retention, absenteeism, and work performance. It reviews the workforce and environmental characteristics involved in planning for employee happiness and the steps needed to create an organizational culture in which…

Mounting evidence indicates a dispositional component to global job satisfaction. Unfortunately, however, relatively little attention has been given to the potential effects of dispositions on work-related attitudes other than global job satisfaction. We used a five-year prospective design to investigate the relationships of affective disposition…

Job satisfaction data on managerial personnel were used to illustrate how organizations can be differentiated and described as reinforcer systems. Twenty-seven specific satisfaction scales were regressed on overall job satisfaction. Overall satisfaction was found to be determined mainly by scales concerning challenge of the job and prospects of…

Organizational identification (OID) is defined as a psychological climate variable reflecting positive perceptions of the organization. The prediction of OID, using measures of interpersonal facets of work, was examined for contingencies due to interactions between organizational context/structure and worker self-esteem. It was hypothesized and…

The interrelationships among job involvement, values, personal background, participation in decision making, and job attitudes were investigated by questionnaire for a sample of 2,775 employees of six manufacturing organizations, representing a 66 percent response rate. The results of this study indicated that job involvement, a basic orientation…

This report summarizes selected results and implications of an intensive field study of the effects of work contexts on the attitudes and performance of personnel employed in social welfare and rehabilitation agencies. A principal objective of this research was to determine the impacts of organizational structure and climate on social welfare and…

Investigated relationship between aspects of organizational structure and alienation as experienced by personnel (N=603) employed in nine social services organizations. Interviews with personnel making executive decisions, those making supervisory assessments, and those concerned with client interaction revealed that the best predictions of…

Investigated attitudes of USSR (N=207) and United States/Western European (N=91) scientists who recently emigrated to Israel. Findings show considerable transnational similarity related to work characteristics but differences in meanings attached to such characteristics as "the opportunity to contribute to society." Also investigated…

Analyzed archival survey data from observers of wrongdoing in 22 organizations. Found whistle-blowing more likely when observers held professional positions, had positive reactions to their work, had longer service, were recently recognized for good performance, were male, were members of larger work groups, and were employed by organizations…

Reviews theoretical work on emotional communication and burnout, concentrating on the Empathic Communication Model of Burnout. Tests hypotheses with a sample of workers who provide services to the homeless. Suggests that the moderating variables of job involvement, organizational role, and attitude about service recipients influence the impact of…

A survey of 50 male and 54 female German social service workers found their perceptions of working climate varied by gender and age. For both, career motivation decreased over time. Women were particularly affected by decreased quality of the working climate. Factors affecting perceptions included job pressure, dissatisfaction, poor collegial…