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What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Direct linkNevin, John A. – Behavior Analyst, 2009
This article reviews evidence from basic and translational research with pigeons and humans suggesting that the persistence of operant behavior depends on the contingency between stimuli and reinforcers, and considers some implications for clinical interventions. (Contains 4 figures.)
Descriptors: Stimuli, Persistence, Reinforcement, Behavior Problems
Strand, Paul S. – Behavior Analyst, 2009
In this article, I argue that a class of religious behaviors exists that is induced, for prepared organisms, by specific stimuli that are experienced according to a response-independent schedule. Like other schedule-induced behaviors, the members of this class serve as minimal units out of which functional behavior may arise. In this way, there…
Descriptors: Religion, Religious Factors, Philosophy, Behavior
Download full textHusky, Mathilde M.; Mazure, Carolyn M.; Carroll, Kathleen M.; Barry, Danielle; Petry, Nancy M. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2008
Contingency management (CM) treatments have been shown to be effective in reducing substance use. This manuscript illustrates how the experience sampling method (ESM) can depict behavior and behavior change and can be used to explore CM treatment mechanisms. ESM characterizes idiosyncratic patterns of behavior and offers the potential to determine…
Descriptors: Substance Abuse, Operant Conditioning, Contingency Management, Behavior Change
Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
Evidence of how behavioral research and technology have evolved together abounds in the history of the "Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior" ("JEAB"). Technology from outside the discipline (exogenous) from such disciplines as electronics and computer science has been adapted for use in behavioral research. Technology from within the…
Descriptors: Periodicals, Behavioral Science Research, Technology, Evolution
Staats, Arthur W. – Behavior Analyst, 2006
The author of this article presents his own explanation on the two types of conditioning--respondent and operant. He states that when withdrawal of a negative reinforcer is the contingency that increases the strength of the operant behavior, the stimulus will have a negative emotional response to the experimental chamber. However, when a positive…
Descriptors: Emotional Response, Negative Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement, Stimuli
Peer reviewedSabatino, David A.; And Others – Exceptional Children, 1976
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Operant Conditioning, Positive Reinforcement, Primary Education
Ju, Winifred C.; Hayes, Steven C. – Psychological Record, 2008
The present study examined whether the presentation of stimuli in equivalence relations with consequences increases the operant behavior that produces these consequences. In Experiment 1, both normal words and experimentally trained equivalence stimuli did so with young children. In Experiment 2, results were similar with college students. Here, a…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Verbal Stimuli, Experiments, College Students
Davis, William L.; Taylor, Alan L. – 1971
The relationship between internal-external control of reinforcement and attraction to others who vary in susceptibility to persuasion was investigated. Internals are defined as persons who believe that reinforcement is contingent on their behavior, while externals are those who believe that reinforcement is independent of their actions and is…
Descriptors: Attitudes, Behavior, Change Agents, Operant Conditioning
Peer reviewedRachlin, Howard – Psychological Review, 1973
Article reviews evidence on the effects of contrast and matching, that these effects are related, and that both effects are reactions to the same independent variable. (Author/RK)
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research, Conditioning, Negative Reinforcement
Peer reviewedYawkey, Thomas D. – Child Study Journal, 1971
The major concern of the study was to determine what differences, if any, in independent reading-work behaviors were observed between baseline and experimental conditions using the Rules, Ignore, Praise technique with two seven year old children. During the reinforcement period children worked harder. Bibliography. (Author/AF)
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavioral Science Research, Conditioning, Operant Conditioning
Osborne, J. Grayson; Wageman, Robert W. – Amer Ann Deaf, 1969
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Exceptional Child Education, Hearing Impairments, Negative Reinforcement
Aoyama, Kenjiro – Learning and Motivation, 2007
This study tested the effects of post-session wheel running on within-session changes in operant responding. Lever-pressing by six rats was reinforced by a food pellet under a continuous reinforcement (CRF) schedule in 30-min sessions. Two different flavored food pellets were used as reinforcers. In the wheel conditions, 30-min operant-sessions…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement
Klein, Emily D.; Gehrke, Brenda J.; Green, Thomas A.; Zentall, Thomas R.; Bardo, Michael T. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether repeated cocaine exposure differentially affects sucrose-reinforced operant responding in rats raised in an enriched condition (EC) or an isolated condition (IC). Specifically, the performance of EC and IC rats pressing a lever for sucrose under a high fixed-ratio schedule (FR 30)…
Descriptors: Cues, Cocaine, Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning
Becker, Wesley C.; And Others – 1969
Classroom management and what teachers can do to make it possible for children to behave better, which permits learning to occur, are the subjects of this handbook. The authors hypothesize that the first step toward better classroom management is a teacher's recognition that how children behave is largely determined by the teacher's behavior. When…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Problems, Classroom Techniques, Guides
Peer reviewedFlora, Stephen R.; Pavlik, William B. – Teaching of Psychology, 1990
Contends that, although the operant approach to psychology is based on objective empirical observations, much of psychology is filled with subjective, interpretive terminology. Argues that such terminology produces confusion over the definitions of basic operant concepts. Suggests a solution that defines the concepts of positive and negative…
Descriptors: Definitions, Higher Education, Matrices, Negative Reinforcement
