The supply of and demand for sociologists and anthropologists in the U.S. as of October 1965 was assessed by a national survey of known and possible employers. Of 2,448 reporting organizations, 1,424 employed, or anticipated employing, sociologists or anthropologists. A total of 6,619 sociologists and 2,117 anthropologists were employed in the responding organizations. Budgeted and unbudgeted vacancies numbered 1,423 for sociologists and 682 for anthropologists. Nearly all of the filled positions and 90 percent of the vacancies were in institutions of higher education. Information is presented on type of employer, employment status and work activity of staff, educational levels, salary ranges, sociological and mental health-related areas of specialization, projections of additional staff needed in 1970, and major factors creating demand for new staff. Educational institutions reported on their capability for training sociologists and anthropologists and the numbers of Ph.D. and M.A. graduates in 1965 by field of research. Problems in recruiting sociologists and anthropologists, factors believed to be significant in creating a demand for more, and conditions limiting their training are discussed. (Author/BC)