The federal government has prescribed nutritional requirements for school meals since the authorization of the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) in 1946. Such requirements have changed throughout the course of history. Current law requires the Secretary of Agriculture to prescribe "minimum nutritional requirements" based on "tested nutritional research." In addition, school meal nutrition standards must be "consistent with the goals of the most recent Dietary Guidelines [for Americans]" (DGAs). Under these parameters, USDA has established detailed nutritional requirements in regulations. This report discusses the latest proposed revision of nutritional requirements for school meals, as promulgated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in a proposed rule on February 7, 2023. The proposal, according to USDA, was informed by the DGAs and feedback from stakeholders, particularly in the wake of temporary changes to nutrition standards for school meals during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to summarizing the contents of the proposal, this report provides a recent history of changes to the nutrition standards and discusses reactions to and potential implications of the proposed rule.