Sixty kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade children were required to construct numerically equivalent collections and to determine asymmetric-transitive relations among nonequivalent collections, using two strategies of cardinal number: correspondence and counting. A novel "collinear correspondence" task was also introduced and compared…

Stimulus conditions were found to interact with conservation level and relation type. (MM)

Investigated was the feasibility of inducing number conservation through training kindergarten children on reversibility tasks not related to the criterion measure. (JG)

Results of this study involving 120 kindergarten and first-grade boys and girls suggest that some understanding of the invariance of number appears to emerge earlier than the ability to pass the standard verbal test. (BH)

This study investigated whether 4- and 5-year-old children can evoke and use kinetic imagery and whether the ability to use kinetic imagery depends on the attainment of concrete operations. Results yielded no evidence of association between kinetic imagery and conservation. (Author/JMB)

The objective of this study was to assess the ability of a previously prepared diagnostic test to detect the need for remediation in preschool children and then to assess the effectiveness of specially designed remedial materials. The subjects consisted of 47 boys and 25 girls from four private kindergartens in Nashville, Tennessee. All subjects…

Children were grouped according to ability to conserve number and then randomly assigned to training on arithmetic concepts or playing a game. The research hypothesis that there would be an interaction effect between conservation and effect of treatment was not confirmed. (SD)

Students were pretested, then 27 first graders were trained using a highly verbal procedure emphasizing class addition activities. On posttests, trained subjects significantly improved their class inclusion and number conservation scores, but no effects were found for substance conservation or transitivity. (DT)

The study attempted to trace the relationship between facility with cardinal-ordinal aspects of number; attention to dimensions of number, length, and density; and the presence and absence of number conservation. On the basis of performances on the standard test for number conservation, 25 nonconserving kindergarteners, 34 conserving…

A combination of readiness and body-part training was the most effective in producing number conservation with external objects. (Authors)

The objective of this study was an attempt to clarify the nature of number conservation with number conservation tasks using variations in length, area, and volume. According to Piagetian theory, conservation is attained successively for number, length, area, and, finally, volume. It was hypothesized that success on the number conservation tasks…

The main problem of this study was to attempt to determine the source of adults' nonconservation error as well as to explain young children's apparent success. Subjects were 188 children from elementary school, high school, and college. (Author/MP)

An investigation was conducted with 200 first-grade students to determine whether language is a major factor in conservation of number experiments. It was concluded that language was not a major factor. (RP)

A study was undertaken of the effects of formal education and conservation of numerousness on addition and subtraction problem types. Thirty-six kindergarten and 36 first-grade subjects randomly selected from one area of a school district were administered measures of conservation, problem-solving success, and modeling ability. Following factor…

In this paper the author reviews and synthesizes the research literature concerning the developmental relationships between conservation of number and linguistic capability in handling of quantitative and relational terms. Several models for the development of these competencies are discussed. On the basis of this review the author concludes that…