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Jang, Yoonhee; Pashler, Hal; Huber, David E. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2014
We performed 4 experiments assessing the learning that occurs when taking a test. Our experiments used multiple-choice tests because the processes deployed during testing can be manipulated by varying the nature of the choice alternatives. Previous research revealed that a multiple-choice test that includes "none of the above" (NOTA)…
Descriptors: Multiple Choice Tests, Familiarity, Learning, Testing