The purpose of this narrative qualitative study was to investigate the impact of ethnic/racial ambiguity and legal invisibility on racial identity perception and experiences of differential treatment of Arab and Arab American Muslim students at U.S. public higher education institutions. Guided by the multilevel model of intersectionality theoretical framework (Anthias, 2013; Nunez, 2014), the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 Arab and Arab American Muslims enrolled in or recently graduated from public colleges and universities in California. Data analysis revealed four major themes: (a) participants' self-perception, (b) ethnicity and religion are integral parts of the student journey, (c) differential treatment, and (d) the relationship between ethnic/racial ambiguity and experiences of differential treatment. Findings of this study showed (a) participants did not perceive themselves, nor were perceived by others, as White, (b) participants disagreed with the White racial categorization of Arab Americans for several reasons, (c) they experienced prevalent experiences of differential treatment on/off campus as a result of the intersection of their multiple social categories of identity, (d) lack of appropriate institutional recognition contributed to their experiences of differential treatment and led to feelings of invisibility and frustration, and (e) their legal invisibility worsened experiences of differential treatments because it impeded institutional combatting efforts. The findings of this study have implications for policymakers and higher education leaders, providing suggestions for how to improve the experiences of Arab and Arab American Muslim students and continue to create new pathways of success for this marginalized student group. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]