This study explored the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) attitudes and self-efficacy of secondary students identifying as Black South African, multi-racial or Afrikaans South African, or Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe nationals who participated in a non-formal STEM education camp programme. Using Bandura's social cognitive…

A national qualifications framework (NQF) is an instrument used to classify a country's qualifications at different levels. Each level is defined by a set of learning outcomes expected at that level. NQFs can be useful tools in education and training reforms and are vital reference points for lifelong learning and comparing qualifications across…

These "Proceedings" derived from the Commission for International Adult Education's (CIAE) 2018 International Pre-Conference. They contain 23 papers from 32 authors. Eight of the lead authors are graduate students -- four are rounding up their Master's degrees while four are on their doctoral programs. The rest are a mix of seasoned and…

Radio broadcasting is used in Botswana to inform, teach, and persuade adults about issues in agriculture, health, wildlife, conservation, and other areas. However, open broadcasting is not an effective nonformal education tool. Active and guided group listening to radio enables discussion and feedback. (SK)

The International Extension College (IEC), which exists to make knowledge available to the Third World about distance teaching and its relevance, is discussed. So far most of the work of the IEC has been in Africa. By setting up three colleges, and working with others it has begun to show how distance teaching with the use of print materials,…

In the interest of equity, Botswana must work to achieve the parity of the out-of-school, nonformal continuing education sector with the formal sector. The Centre for Continuing Education at the University of Botswana is working toward this ideal through its public education, extramural studies, and distance education units. (SK)

Technological considerations may overwhelm the user's capacity to analyze problems and select the most appropriate medium for the task. This discussion paper describes video use in Botswana over a four-year period and then makes a comparative analysis of video and other communication media as tools for nonformal education. (Author/JEG)

In 1977 the Evaluation and Action Research Unit (EARU) was established in Botswana as part of the Agricultural Information Services to assist in the production of relevant and comprehensible extension materials. One such materials development project in which EARU participated is described in detail. (LLS)

This document describes the establishment of a Department of Nonformal Education in Botswana and is intended as a case study that can help ensure that nonformal education receives adequate funding in developing countries. The first chapter examines the theory of nonformal education and includes sections on three guiding precepts for this type of…

The history of art and design education in Botswana has evolved in a unique way and reflects its British colonial history and post-independence development. It has involved constant exchange and dialogue with other countries through the employment of teachers, teacher trainers and university lecturers from a variety of European, Asian and other…

Nonformal educators in Botswana have shown that the performing arts, "popular" or "folk" theater, can play an important role in community education but that problems must be resolved to achieve progressive social change. (MF)

This report consists of papers given at, relating to, and produced by an international seminar that emphasized sharing practical experience and analyzing conditions necessary to set up and sustain a literacy program. The first section provides an "Introduction" (James Porter) and "Background to the Seminar" (Alan Rogers).…

The use of popular theatre to overcome community development problems in underdeveloped countries through adult education is introduced and its relationship to the concept of participatory research is explored. Material is arranged in four sections. The first of these presents an introduction to popular theatre and participatory research. Stemming…

In Botswana, precolonial Tswana spirituality gave way to European secularization. This, plus related changes in labor patterns, government, and educational practices, led to the transformative educational philosophy that now separates the Tswana from the environment and traditional religious beliefs. This cultural fragmentation underlies the…

Case studies and seminar reports are provided that were presented at an international seminar to examine field experiences in using a culture-based approach to nonformal education. Part I, containing an introductory paper and nine case studies, focuses on indigenous institutions and processes in health, family planning, agriculture, basic…