Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia has been labeled an "enemy of the press" for his judicial opinions restricting or inhibiting the press's right to protected opinion. However, examination of his record suggests that his rulings do not constitute such a threat to journalistic freedom as many have been led to believe. His opinions…

This book arose from a 1976 conference on school desegregation and the mass media. In it participants address critical legal and political issues and explore aspects of the coverage of desegregation by the news media. Five desegregation specialists describe and analyze court decisions, congressional actions, studies, plans and changes which have…

This manual for school board members identifies the basic factors to take into account when dealing with the news media. These factors include knowing what kinds of media offer what kinds of coverage in the school district's local area and how to channel the right information to the media representative who can make the best use of it. Divided…

The task of the journalistic pluralist is one of presenting alternatives so that audiences may exercise personal freedom in choosing among them. It has been held generally that the more publications there are--the more sources of information--the more the idea of pluralism will be served. However, with the consolidation of media ownership and the…

This paper examines several United States Supreme Court decisions to evaluate the Court's stance on an individual's right to privacy when that right conflicts with the press right to freedom of expression. Particular attention is paid to the Court's "Rosenbloom" and "Gertz" decisions. The paper concludes that the Supreme Court is trying to…

This paper examines the Arab press under Israeli occupation and presents two hypotheses: freedom of the press under occupation serves both Israeli interests and the Arab population, and freedom of the Arab press under occupation is "relative" and "controlled." By allowing freedom of expression, the Israelis achieve several…

It is widely accepted that the news media, especially in specific expressions of press opinion, have the effect of setting the agenda of issues in many political campaigns. The nature and extent of such agenda-setting is not yet established, although a study of two test newspapers tends to define further this effect. An analysis of the…

Examines the arguments that dominated the decision making before and after the Challenger accident. Concludes that the relationship between the public and technical spheres is more complicated than has been realized previously. (NKA)

For favorable relations with news reporters, school board members are advised to be friendly, approachable, available, responsive, visible, active in suggesting story ideas, prepared for interviews, clear, "on the record," ready for cameras, and calm in correcting press errors. (MJL)

Uses the metaphor of the election report as a political conversation among journalists and their sources to expand research on sound bites in United States presidential campaign coverage. Finds that journalists have become more dominant, increasing their share of air time in more tightly controlled, faster paced reports. Notes a significant shift…

Discusses the historical development of the media. Describes the U.S. media as beginning with colonial newspapers and development of the concept of a public sphere. Suggests that the rise of a market economy and the Industrial Revolution transformed the press from partisans to professionals concerned with presenting all sides of issues. (DK)

This paper discusses the Cox Committee for English (England) proposals and suggests some theoretical and practical approaches to teaching about the exchange of information through a media education perspective, especially news reporting. Findings are based on research into approaches to media education presented in a series of broadcast radio…

Newly discovered transcriptions of 87 of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt's women-only press conferences held from 1933 to 1945 make possible an examination of the objectives, topics, and value of these conferences. By holding the conferences, Mrs. Roosevelt attributed to women an important function in the political communication process, and at the…

The press and public should have access to pretrial discovery documents in civil litigation when matters of public concern are at issue. Recently, the Supreme Court expanded the public's First Amendment right of access to criminal proceedings, and based on that, some lower courts have granted access to civil trials. In its decisions establishing…

Media in democratic societies are generally assumed to have a responsibility to provide a forum for the articulation of diverse ideas, including radical discourse. Research on media coverage of groups which challenge the status quo, however, shows the limitations of the media in the democratic exchange of ideas. To evaluate the coverage of one of…