Boys are more likely than girls to be diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The extreme male brain (EMB) theory of ASD suggests that fetal testosterone (FT) exposure may underlie sex differences in autistic traits. A link between the organizational effects of FT on the brain and ASD is often drawn based on research using digit ratio…

In this review, we lay the groundwork for an interdisciplinary conversation between literacy education research and relevant neuroscience research. We review recent neuroscience research on correlates of proposed cognitive subprocesses in text decoding and reading comprehension and analyze some of the methodological and conceptual challenges of…

Research in the area of infant development has endless facets of investigation. No one facet of research is more important than another, and all of the findings work in a synchronous fashion to facilitate our understanding of child development. Research on child development has proliferated across the centuries. Infant characteristics like…

This paper reviews literature supporting the notion that learning disabilities are presumed to be a result of central nervous system dysfunction. It focuses on the postmortem and neuroimaging studies that provide evidence of a neurological conceptualization of learning disabilities. (Author/JDD)

This article reviews an emergent area of traumatic brain injury (TBI) literature; namely, developmental outcomes of TBI sustained during the early childhood and preschool period. The developmental time period from birth through age 5 years is one of significant growth and maturity, particularly in the neurological development of the child. An…

Caution must be the watchword in applying neuropsychological knowledge to education. There is much yet to be learned in neuropsychology even as the knowledge explosion continues in this area. (CJ)

Neuropsychological findings relevant to the question of whether visual imagery is visual or perceptual are reviewed and compared to cognitive psychology theories. Imagery does not appear to represent information acquired through visual sensory channels; rather, it seems to use some of the same neural representational machinery as does vision. (SLD)

Reviews changes in emotional response and personality occurring after damage to frontal systems, proposes operational definitions, and analyzes reports according to these definitions. Summarizes neurological causes of frontal lobe damage and associations of frontal dysfunction with psychiatric disturbances. Proposes that primary change after…

The rationale and guidelines for incorporating a neuropsychological perspective in the educational process are presented. Luria's (1973) model is most pertinent for "neuroeducators" because it describes the concept of functional systems interacting to produce behavior. (CJ)

Discusses studies of the neurobiology of memory and cognition. Presents the findings of anatomic and physiological studies of monkeys that have led to discoveries about the structure of working memory. (MCO)

This paper reviews the aspects of cognitive science that relate best to using electrical and magnetic recording to understand the function of brain systems. It outlines a framework for relating cognitive activities of daily life (typing, reading) to underlying neural systems. The framework uses five levels of analysis: task, elementary operations,…

The role of the hippocampus in memory function is discussed. Work with rats, monkeys, and humans largely agrees concerning its function and structure. The hippocampus is essential for a type of memory designated "declarative," the ability to remember that a visual object was presented in a particular context. (SLD)

The article focuses on the factors that have led to the current interest in the neuropsychology of learning disorders. The validity of the neuropsychological model is examined. Research regarding the neurobiological basis of learning disorders, cerebral asymmetries, and neuropsychological assessment batteries for learning disabilities are…

Neuropsychologically based intervention approaches for learning disabled students are reviewed. The approaches, which are in the areas of neurological organization, psycholinguistics, and perceptual motor skills, are also evaluated for their effectiveness in terms of theory and practice. (CJ)

A critical review of neuropsychological results for subjects with bipolar disorder was compared to magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) findings. Studies containing both neuropsychological and MRI outcomes were limited. Therefore, the neuropsychological literature was independently critiqued, then compared to the MRI results from a prior review by…