This report contains four papers presented at conferences jointly sponsored by trade unionists and members of the academic community. As explained in the introduction by Michael E. Gordon, the papers focus on grievance procedures, examining both recent research on the topic and its implications for organized labor. The following papers are…

This document traces the U.S. labor movement's history, documents its achievements, and describes its goals. The labor movement played a central role in the elevation of the U.S. standard of living through benefits negotiated by unions, such as vacations with pay, pensions, health and welfare protection, and grievance and arbitration procedures.…

This report presents a history and overview of the collective bargaining process and trade unions in the Federal Republic of Germany. Topics covered include the following: (1) social partners--trade unions and the employers' associations; (2) the history of free collective bargaining; (3) free collective bargaining after World War II; (4) the…