The low level of achievement motivation in lower-class adolescents and the higher incidence of dropouts are seen to be related not only to economic impoverishment, but to a lack of achievement-oriented role models among significant others frequently encountered by such children. The sample was composed of 10th grade boys with IQ scores from…

Motivation Advance Process (MAP) is a small group process designed to increase achievement motivation through emphasizing the strengths and assets of each individual. The process requires skilled leadership to guide the participants towards a new and positive view of their lives. The purpose of this manual is to provide counselors with both…

The foundation for this publication was a workshop at The University of Michigan which put together three programs in the area of psychological education. These three group approaches, documented by research, are presented. The first approach assists people, through achievement motivation training, to be more effective in reaching their goals.…

Five separate studies involving over 12,000 managers were conducted to explore the relationship between personal applications of behavioral science principles and managerial achievement. (Author)

The author argues that there exists an essential relationship between self-expression and gaining a personally significant understanding of the world. This relationship encompasses notions of freedom, personal autonomy, and authenticity. Discusses the inadequacies of a currently popular model for educational practice. For journal availability, see…

Summarizes different types of social motivation that have interested social psychologists within a developmental paradigm. Currently, cognition is a central aspect of motivational psychology. Individuals' motive patterns are seen to change over the life cycle. (Author/AV)

This article on the research and educational implications of self-concept discusses definitions, methods, theoretical orientations, developmental conditions, correlates, changes and changeability, and pedagogical consequences of self-concept. (PN)

This article reviews research literature on mental practice and preparation for motor performance and research on the effect of specific mental preparation strategies on skilled performance. Strategies discussed include imagery, self-efficacy statements, attentional focus, preparatory arousal, and relaxation. (Author/CJ)

The Work Motivation Inventory, Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory, and Adjective Self Description Instrument were administered to 128 University of Houston student teachers. Results indicated that educational attitudes and self-concept, operating jointly, significantly contributed to the variance in Maslow's scales of basic, safety, and…

Investigates the relationship between self-reinforcement behavior and psychological adjustment (Maslow's need hierarchy) in 93 college students. (CM)

This guidebook for a self-directed physical fitness program offers information on: (1) What is physical fitness; (2) How is physical fitness measured; (3) What is body composition; (4) How to improve fitness; (5) What is the new presidential physical fitness award program; and (6) What exercises qualify for the Presidential Fitness Award. A…

Attribution theorists have argued that if an intrinsically motivated activity is extrinsically reinforced, the activity will be devalued and extinguished when the reward is removed. Hypothesizing that activities performed for their instrumental outcome are valued less than activities not so externally oriented, and that activities performed for…

Observation suggests that people who strive for personally important goals disregard failure experiences or disruptions to completing a self-definition and engage in self-symbolizing in the form of positive self-descriptions designed to cover up a lack of support for the self-definition. To examine this self-symbolizing, dyads of females (N=30)…

This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study of the motivational profiles of 524 students from grade 7 through the freshman year in college. A new Motivation Inventory was administered to all students. This instrument measures six classes of needs referred to by Abraham Maslow as physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem,…

This paper examines the question of why women want children from several disciplinary viewpoints including psychoanalysis; role learning; and economic, political, and religious aspects. Basically, however, childbearing motivations can be divided into four categories: altruistic, fatalistic, narcissistic, and instrumental. Children can fulfill a…