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Lancioni, Guilio E.; O'Reilly, Mark F. – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1998
Reviews studies related to physical exercise with people with severe and profound developmental disabilities and comments on the main findings and on the practicality and acceptability of physical exercise. The use of technical instruments combined with reinforcing events to ensure mild physical exercise is discussed. (Author/CR)
Descriptors: Adults, Assistive Devices (for Disabled), Children, Exercise
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Cuvo, Anthony J.; Lerch, Laura J.; Leurquin, Deborah A.; Gaffaney, Thomas J.; Poppen, Roger L. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
Experiments examined the effect of work requirements in combination with reinforcement schedules on the choice behavior of six adults with mental retardation and seven typical preschoolers. Results showed that participants' responding was largely controlled by the reinforcement received for responding to each level of work. (Author/CR)
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Patterns, Decision Making, Mental Retardation
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Ryan, Richard M.; Deci, Edward L. – Review of Educational Research, 1996
The conclusion of J. Cameron and W. D. Pierce that rewards do not pose a threat to intrinsic motivation (1994) is a misrepresentation of the literature based on a flawed meta-analysis. Their analysis is more an attempt to defend behaviorist turf rather than meaningful consideration of relevant data and issues. (Author/SLD)
Descriptors: Behaviorism, Meta Analysis, Models, Motivation
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Zellner, Margaret R.; Ranaldi, Robert – Psychological Record, 2006
One symptom of depression is loss of motivation, which can be defined as responsiveness to response-eliciting stimuli and quantified as reward-related behavioral output. Long-term changes in reward-related behavior have been shown to follow early life stress. Most rodent studies investigating the effects of postnatal separation, an early stress,…
Descriptors: Rewards, Motivation, Depression (Psychology), Stress Variables
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Donohue, Brad; Azrin, Nathan; Allen, Daniel N.; Romero, Valerie; Hill, Heather H.; Tracy, Kendra; Lapota, Holly; Gorney, Suzanne; Abdel-al, Ruweida; Caldas, Diana; Herdzik, Karen; Bradshaw, Kelsey; Valdez, Robby; Van Hasselt, Vincent B. – Behavior Modification, 2009
A comprehensive evidence-based treatment for substance abuse and other associated problems (Family Behavior Therapy) is described, including its application to both adolescents and adults across a wide range of clinical contexts (i.e., criminal justice, child welfare). Relevant to practitioners and applied clinical researchers, topic areas include…
Descriptors: Substance Abuse, Intervention, Behavior Modification, Adolescents
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Zimmerman, Barry J. – Child Development, 1974
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cluster Grouping, Conceptual Schemes, Instruction
Dunham, Paul Jr. – Except Children, 1969
Descriptors: Exceptional Child Education, Individual Instruction, Mental Retardation, Motivation
Jackson, Jeffrey M.; And Others – 1978
This experiment was designed to test the motivation to perform a task for males and females in mixed and same-sex groups. Individuals in homogeneous groups (four males or four females) or heterogeneous groups (two males and two females) clapped their hands alone, in pairs and in foursomes. People exerted more effort alone than in groups,…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Group Behavior, Group Norms, Individual Characteristics
BJORKLUND, JOHN F.; SHELDON, RICHARD W. – 1966
TO DETERMINE WHETHER SELECTIVE REINFORCEMENT OF PURSUIT ROTOR PERFORMANCE FACILITATES ACQUISITION OF SKILL AND PROMOTES ITS RETENTION, FIVE GROUPS OF SUBJECTS WERE INDIVIDUALLY TRAINED FOR TEN SESSIONS OF 15 TRIALS EACH. SELECTIVE REINFORCEMENT OF LONGER THAN AVERAGE TARGET CONTACTS WAS INTRODUCED FOR ONE GROUP OF SUBJECTS DURING SESSIONS SIX AND…
Descriptors: Enlisted Personnel, Flight Training, Military Training, Motivation
Garcia, Angela B.; Zimmerman, Barry J. – 1971
In this study of 40 disadvantaged Mexican-American first grade children it was hypothesized that praise from a Mexican-American adult would be more reinforcing to a Mexican-American child than praise from an Anglo adult. Further, it was hypothesized that praise in Spanish would be more reinforcing to a Mexican-American child than praise delivered…
Descriptors: Bilingual Students, Cultural Influences, Elementary School Students, Ethnic Groups
Schmickley, Verne G. – 1974
The effects of covert operant reinforcement upon remedial reading learning tasks were investigated. Forty junior high school students were taught to imagine either neutral scenes (control) or positive scenes (treatment) upon cue while reading. It was hypothesized that positive covert reinforcement would enhance performance on several measures of…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Covert Response, Learning Theories, Motivation
Fromme, Donald K.; And Others – 1971
The purpose of the present study was to determine if a procedure could be devised to eliminate the need for a therapist in reinforcing for expressions of affect, feedback, or empathy. Twenty-six male and 22 female undergraduate volunteers were randomly assigned to 12 "human relations" groups, comprising three replications of four conditions: 1.…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Behavior Change, Empathy, Feedback
Goodyear, F. H. – 1973
Although teachers have long used both rewards and punishments as incentives for listening, previous studies were inconclusive concerning the relationships between listening effectiveness and types and amounts of incentives given to listeners. The effects of different amounts of punishment and reward incentives (defined by varying additions and…
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Grades (Scholastic), Listening, Listening Comprehension
Schack, Mary Lou; Massari, David J. – 1972
This study was designed to examine the effects of two factors on the delay behavior of six year old children, a large percentage of whom had not yet attained temporal operations. The subjects consisted of 60 black, first grade children from a lower class urban neighborhood school. The experimental design was a 2x3 factorial with the first factor…
Descriptors: Behavior Development, Behavioral Science Research, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Objectives
Silverman, Robert E. – 1960
The present state of research in the area of automated teaching and the application of automated teaching devices were reviewed in terms of issues relating to programing, to machine variables, and to studies comparing conventional instruction with automated instruction. Some basic issues were singled out for consideration. Such problems as…
Descriptors: Autoinstructional Aids, Branching, Comparative Analysis, Conventional Instruction
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