Public schools in the United States saw unprecedented reductions to in-person instruction during the 2020-2021 school year. Using the Elementary School Operating Status database, the American Community Survey, and the Current Population Survey, we show remote instruction was associated with reduced employment among mothers compared with fathers…

Background: Whether employed and nonemployed mothers of children with intellectual disability (ID) have different experiences with reconciliation between care and work has rarely been explored. Method: A survey was conducted in a county in Taiwan and 487 mothers aged younger than 65 and having a child with ID were interviewed face to face at their…

Hays (1996) was the first to describe the construct of intensive mothering beliefs, yet little empirical research exists to substantiate its prevalence among contemporary mothers and its implications for their lives. The purpose of this study was to examine the construct of intensive mothering beliefs and its longitudinal associations with…

This meta-analysis of 68 studies (770 effect sizes) used random effects models to examine whether children's achievement differed depending on whether their mothers were employed. Four achievement outcomes were emphasized: formal tests of achievement and intellectual functioning, grades, and teacher ratings of cognitive competence. When all…

Examined the relationship between the length of time worked by mothers receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children and three categories of variables. Only economic factors appeared to significantly affect the mothers' decision whether to work. (Author)

The status of the housewife and mother roles may be declining as more women enter the labor force and birth rates continue to fall. Such changes in sex-role attitudes could lead to increases in female labor force participation which are much larger than those projected. (Author)

Such factors as a belief in individual freedom of choice, the support of minority groups' rights, and a concern for the psychological effects of mothering on children have tended to mitigate against a clear-cut advocacy of the employment of mothers under Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). Two recent phenomena, however, have emerged…

Analyzed data from General Household Surveys of 1988-90 to examine how employment and pension plan membership of British midlife women was related to presence, employment status, and earnings of their adult children. Midlife women with adult children living at home were less likely to work full-time than women whose children had left home.…

The status of minority women workers in 1976 is examined, particularly in relationship to their white counterparts, under the following topic headings: (1) labor force participation; (2) unemployment status; (3) reasons for unemployment; (4) unemployment during the recession; (5) occupations; (6) marital status; (7) women heads of families; (8)…

This brief report presents and discusses statistics on the marital and family characteristics of workers in 1973 [e.g., nearly 40 million married men and 20 million married women were among the 88 million person labor force, and of the 1.7 million increase in the labor force, three-quarters consisted of married women (34 percent), single men (24…

More children today are being raised in households with mothers who work for pay compared to a generation ago, when most mothers did not engage in marketplace work. This demographic change is important because it could affect children. In this article, the effects of early and recent maternal employment on a child's academic development are…

Examined the relationship between child resilience and maternal employment status among Korean families resident in the United States. Found that mother's attitudes toward their employment status, father's supportiveness of that employment, and satisfaction with child care arrangements, but not employment itself, impacted reported children's…

Investigation of the relationship between maternal employment and behaviors and attitudes (emcompassing parental relationships; personal problems, educational/career aspirations; future life; sex role ideology) of preadolescents and adolescents indicated significant differences only for preadolescents regarding sex role ideology. Working mother…

Discusses public programs related to maternal employment including Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Reports on economic and social forces which discourage employment of mothers outside the home. Describes programs dealing with barriers to maternal employment. (RC)