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Pickens, Jeffrey; Field, Tiffany – Developmental Psychology, 1993
Facial expressions were examined in 84 3-month-old infants of mothers classified as depressed, nondepressed, or low scoring on the Beck Depression Inventory. Infants of both depressed and low-scoring mothers showed significantly more sadness and anger expressions and fewer interest expressions than infants of nondepressed mothers. (Author/MDM)
Descriptors: Anger, Depression (Psychology), Facial Expressions, Infant Behavior

Crockenberg, Susan – Child Development, 1987
Tested were the impact of rejection and acceptance experienced by adolescent mothers during childhood; social support received after their baby's birth; and infant irritability on angry, punitive maternal behavior. Possible links between maternal behavior and indices of child anger, noncompliance, low confidence, and social withdrawal were also…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Anger, Child Rearing, Early Parenthood