While the benefits of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services to better learning are now widely acknowledged, a widespread and accessible provision for these services also helps support gender equality in the workforce. In particular, the availability, intensity, reliability and affordability of ECEC play an important role in engaging…

The article focuses on findings that were replicated across several countries and considers their relevance for future older adults. Key findings are that (a) childlessness makes more of a difference in men's than in women's lives, (b) never-married women are a childless category with particularly favorable characteristics, and (c) childless…

Compares kindergarten movements in Germany and the United States during the late 19th and early 20th century. Notes that Froebel kindergartens became more popular in the United States due to different attitudes toward the relationship of family and school. Points out the success of kindergarten as reflective of women's societal status. (KO)