Our ways of thinking about the world determine the methods we find useful for studying the world. These methods in turn determine what we learn about the world and therefore how we define reality. As aspects of cultural science, teaching and supervision should not be studied using methods suitable for the natural sciences--the cultural sciences…

This paper holds that the "supervisory" function should be basically one of teaching teachers rather than evaluation of teaching styles, with the consultant on teaching guiding a teacher in the systematic analysis and modification of his teaching performance through a systematic decisionmaking process. In the first half of this paper supervisory…

A model for team planning, instruction, and evaluation is presented, utilizing peer observation and analysis of instructional effectiveness, with suggestions for reducing the anxiety of teachers being observed. (MJB)

Describes an alternate approach to the technical/rational methods of teacher supervision. Proposes a naturalistic supervisory practice and lists the assumptions on which it is based. (RK)

Attempts to bridge the gap between the research literature on supervision and its application to evaluating individual supervisor effectiveness. Presents a conceptual framework for making decisions about evaluation, where the decision maker considers the purpose of evalution, the developmental stage of the counselor, and the focus of evaluation,…

Outlines a model of experiential psychotherapy supervision illustrated by a case study. Four stages of experiential supervision are identified with issues relevant to each stage presented. Various techniques for working with issues pertaining to the supervisory process are discussed and exemplified by case illustration. (Author/JAC)

Discusses the goals and functions of differential supervision and describes and contrasts six supervisory models used by the Chicago Child Care Society. (Author/NJ)

In an attempt to improve the communication process and draw attention to some ideas that need further study, a communication model that deals specifically with the supervisor-teacher interaction process is presented. (Author)

Effects of conceptual level and degree of supervisory structure on training in reflection of feeling were investigated. Self-report measures supported predictions for low conceptual level participants; behavioral measures yielded minimal support. Supervised trainees improved minimally on quantitative dimensions and significantly on qualitative…

Discusses leadership behavior of managers and presents a model for leadership choice that dichotomizes bureaucratic and non-bureaucratic leadership behaviors. The power of managers is described in terms of both position status and personal influence, and the relationship between the manager's role and the needs of employees is discussed. (LRW)

A total model of skill-based intervention which includes theoretical rationale and practical forms and techniques is described. The skill-based model is applicable to practicum supervision in schools and agency settings. Counseling skills important in practicum are delineated. Guidelines are given for working with field supervisors, university…

Based on the assumption that the conduct of an effective supervisory conference is analogous to effective teaching and that the assumptions made about effective teaching behaviors can also be made about supervisory behaviors, this paper develops and describes in detail a ten-category observation system for supervisory conferences, similar to the…

Although increasing use of paraprofessionals to implement key program concepts has the advantage of increased availability and lower salaries, problems in maintaining acceptable levels of performance have also been reported. This study assessed the role of performance-related feedback on the work behavior of paraprofessional tutors in a remedial…

A developmental perspective on supervising evaluation practicum students suggests that students go through developmental stages as they enhance their evaluation skills. A three-stage model adapted from counseling training theory developmental perspective is illustrated for eight developmental tasks: competence, emotional awareness, autonomy,…

This study evaluated three major models currently used by crisis-intervention centers to train and supervise nonprofessional counselors. Training groups included preservice training only (PSO), preservice training and delayed supervision (PSD), and preservice training and immediate supervision (PSI). Findings indicate most learning by…