Results indicate that subjects first observing apparatus operation by electromechanical means performed task better than those who had not, and that there is no significant difference between performance of subjects who had observed demonstration by electromechanical device and those who had observed a human model. Applicability of findings…

Shows how elaboration theory (ET) sequences the concepts in a taxonomy and argues that the product of an ET analysis is usually in general agreement with sequencing based on learning prerequisite relationships, and that ET sequencing of taxonomic concepts will not violate learning prerequisite relationships. (Author/MER)

This paper is a preliminary inquiry by a non-mathematician into graphic methods of sequential planning and ways in which hierarchical analysis and tree structures can be helpful in developing interest in the use of mathematical modeling in the search for creative solutions to real-life problems. Highlights include a discussion of hierarchical…

Research in the field of computer based instruction (CBI) has led to conflicting evidence on the efficacy of learner control over instruction. Typical implementations of learner control in CBI allow learners to proceed at their own pace, control the sequence of instruction, choose the amount of practice, or decide the level of difficulty…

Reviews concepts proposed by researchers in linguistics, psychology, philosophy, and artificial intelligence, who have applied their knowledge and skills to the study of human information processing--i.e., memory content, storage, encoding, and retrieval. Guidelines derived from theory for use by instructional designers and subject specialists in…

This article delineates characteristics and needs of gifted youth which should be addressed in developing the gifted curriculum, presents guiding principles for curriculum development, illustrates the goal writing process, specifies definitions and parameters of the process, and illustrates the development and use of scope-and-sequence documents.…

The purpose of a study undertaken by the Center for the Cooperative Study of Instruction was to learn if a set of instructions could be prepared for students of composition which would indicate in behavioral terms what kind of writing was expected of them. These instructions, called "cognitive maps" consisted of a strategy and an exemplar which…

To develop scope and sequence in the gifted curriculum in Gary (Indiana) Community Schools, a curriculum needs assessment was conducted. A curriculum framework was then developed by identifying desired educational outcomes, examining the gifted programs across levels and content disciplines, and linking the outcome statements to curriculum…

An associative model of serial learning is described based on the assumption that the effective stimulus for a serial-list item is generated by adaptation-level coding of the item's ordinal position. How the model can generate predictions of aspects of serial-learning data is illustrated. (SLD)

Magnitude is assumed to be represented along a holistic mental number line in adults. However, the authors recently observed a unit-decade compatibility effect for 2-digit numbers that is inconsistent with this "holisticness" assumption (H.-C. Nuerk, U. Weger, & K. Willmes, 2001). This study used the compatibility effect to examine whether the…

In this paper, we demonstrate nondeclarative sequence learning in mice using an animal analog of the human serial reaction time task (SRT) that uses a within-group comparison of behavior in response to a repeating sequence versus a random sequence. Ten female B6CBA mice performed eleven 96-trial sessions containing 24 repetitions of a 4-trial…

This paper reviews instructional theory and research relating to three design criteria: (1) the order of presentation of instruction (sequencing); (2) the kinds of content relationships that should be taught; and (3) the way content relationships should be taught (synthesis). Also research on the relations between sequencing and synthesis is…

Describes probabilistic document retrieval systems as a sequential learning process, in which the system learns the parameters of probability distributions describing the frequencies of feature occurrences in relevant and nonrelevant documents. Several techniques for estimating the parameters of distributions are described and the results of tests…

This paper offers a critique of elaboration theory (ET) based on recent cognitive research and offers suggestions for updating the model to reflect new knowledge. It begins by summarizing the basic strategies of this model for sequencing and organizing courses of instruction: (1) organizing structure; (2) simple-to-complex sequence; (3) sequencing…