A model of communication is offered in response to the need for a meaningful conceptual framework generating representative, systematic, and integrated research in counseling and counselor training. The usefulness of the communication paradigm for the practitioner and counselor educator, for the theorist, and for the researcher is explored.…

Two factors in the relationship between counselor education programs and elementary and secondary schools have provided continuing issues of contention. First is the debate between the idealism assigned to counselor education programs and the realism encountered in the school setting. A second factor addresses the concept that training…

This paper presents a model of counselor supervision which recognizes four specific stages of counselor development. The materials focus on the need for a developmental model, the interplay between this model and levels of training and professional practice, and the implications for curriculum planning and supervisory interventions. Studies…

Counselor education programs, asserts the author, typically have not lent themselves to accurate assessment. He maintains that true evaluation can be realized only when all therapeutic and instructional goals are stated in terms of performance or observable behavior. Systems analysis is viewed as offering a useful approach for redirecting and…