In this commentary the author identifies her estimation of the most salient points of Hanna's (2011) seminal article. While in agreement that movement toward a unified model is timely, the author suggests alternative conceptualizations to the freedom paradigm, such as Wilber's (1995, 1996) Integral Model, for disciplinary unification. (Contains 2…

Social justice counseling, like all humanistic models, recognizes the dignity of each human being, affirms the right of all people to choose and work toward their own goals, and asserts the importance of service to community. The social justice paradigm brings a special emphasis on the role of the environment. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)

Examines how clients and therapists create impasses or change. Reviews general concept of a "therapeutic system." Describes model that synthesizes systemic and strategic ideas about therapeutic systems. Proposes questions based on this model for analyzing and resolving impasses. Illustrates application with a case. (Author/ABL)

Examines how school counselors can apply systems theory and social ecology to problem conceptualization and intervention planning. Also explores the implications of this broadened paradigm for the school counselor's role. Asserts that in order to achieve broad-based change, schools, families, and communities must engage in collaborative problem…