If the idea is true that a theory is an abstract model that explains an objective phenomenon, where objective means anything that exists independent of individual human volition, then the best known example of such a rhetorical theory would be Lloyd Bitzer's famous rhetorical situation. Bitzer has argued that a rhetorical act comes into being when…

Traces the roots of social trap situations and describes a parasitism-symbiosis model, showing that when each organism attempts to maximize its survival potential without regard for the other's, neither does as well as when they behave collectively. Discusses a model social trap situation, "Prisoner's Dilemma" ("PD") and a…

Discusses the development of the Rutherford-Bohr atom. Indicates how the objectives of the historian may differ from those of the retrospecting or historicizing physicist. (Author/SK)

The development of nursing models can be traced to the inception of nursing as a profession. Florence Nightingale laid the foundation for current nursing practice and differentiated nursing from medicine. The late 19th and early 20th centuries contributed a number of important nurse theorists, better known for other contributions to the neophyte…

Examines the historical development of consultation and superimposes multicultural theories and models onto several traditional consultation models. Included is a selective review of the literature from consultation, communication, and education that relate to multicultural issues. Makes an ethical imperative for the consultant to acknowledge,…

Traces the use of formative evaluation from World War I training films up to the detailed models and microcomputer technology currently employed. The influences of research techniques, psychometrics, and mass communications theory on evaluation methodologies are discussed, and advances such as the Program Analyzer are described. Extensive…

Indicates a desire and need to construct an elaborately detailed and historiographically sophisticated model that would effectively account for the complexity of writing center development and history. Critically examines two models currently in use, the "evolutionary" model and the "dialectic" model. Offers a cultural model of writing center…

Historically described are research studies which led to the current explanation of the two kinds of intracellular transport-axoplasmic flow and axoral transport. Models explaining their fundamental mechanism and the kinds of materials they convey are presented. (BT)

Describes the historical and international development of simulation and gaming in terms of simulation as analytical models, and games as communicative models; and forecasts possible futures of simulation and gaming. (CMV)

The author proposes that the entire history of Western, serious, classical music can be seen as a coherent, single development with a single evolving characteristic--that of aurally perceptible clarity and order. (Author/SJL)

This "classic" article (1972) in the field of deaf studies includes some interpretive notes for current readers. The article examines the effect of deafness on basic developmental tasks at each of the eight developmental stages of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development and explains the more successful passage through these…

Summarizes the ideas of Sir Robert Robinson and Sir C. K. Ingold that contributed to the controversy in developing the electronic theory of organic reactions. (CS)

By 1960 there was a strongly developed theory of learning in which learning was considered as change of behavior. Neobehaviorist theories and then formal stochastic models analyzed processes in which probabilities of responses are altered. In the 1960's, analysis of learning as a discrete change between states of knowledge or stages of processing…

Presents some of the early history of instructional development models; discusses the role of models in instructional development; reviews some of the more influential models; and discusses the possible impact of selected trends on future models of instructional development, including electronic performance support systems and rapid prototyping.…

Two strands of curriculum inquiry reconceptualization are discussed; both are in contrast to the dominant empirical-analytical orientation to teacher education. Hermeneutic inquiry serves practical interests and proceeds by an interactive form of social organization. Critical inquiry serves emancipatory interests and is organized socially through…