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Zhong, Baichang; Xia, Liying; Su, Siyu – Education and Information Technologies, 2022
One of the aspects of programming that novices often struggle with is the understanding of abstract concepts, such as variables, loops, expressions, and especially Boolean operations. This paper aims to explore the effects of programming tools with different degrees of embodiment on learning Boolean operations in elementary school. To this end, 67…
Descriptors: Programming Languages, Programming, Novices, Elementary Education
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Flores, Margaret M.; Moore, Alexcia J.; Meyer, Jill M. – Psychology in the Schools, 2020
Elementary standards include multiplication of single-digit numbers and students advance to solve complex problems and demonstrate procedural fluency in algorithms. The ability to illustrate procedural fluency in algorithms is dependent on the development of understanding and reasoning in multiplication. Development of multiplicative reasoning…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 4, Grade 5, Teaching Methods