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Peer reviewedKochanska, Grazyna; Gross, Jami N.; Lin, Mei-Hua; Nichols, Kate E. – Child Development, 2002
Examined early development of guilt in 106 children observed in laboratory paradigms in which they were led to believe they had damaged valuable objects during 2 sessions at 22, 33, and 45 months. Found support for a mediational model in which fearful temperament contributed to guilt proneness, which served to inhibit children's tendency to…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Behavior, Guilt, Individual Development
Peer reviewedKochanska, Grazyna – Developmental Psychology, 1994
Notes that Grusec and Goodnow's model of discipline encounters as context for children's internalization of parental values seems best suited for middle childhood and adolescence. Suggests that processes such as social referencing, sensitivity to standard violations, emergence of self, and self-regulation may be important antecedents and signs of…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Behavior Theories, Children
