Purpose: In far too many cases the initiatives to change schools by introducing new programs, processes and reforms has not resulted in obtainment of the desired outcomes. A major reason for limited outcomes suggested in this paper is that there has been a failure to learn from and apply constructs and measures related to understanding,…

A model of innovation adoption process, the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM), has been developed from empirical evidence. The CBAM depicts innovation adoption in educational institutions as a developmental process in which each user of the innovation demonstrates successively higher qualities of use of the innovation. The CBAM also depicts…

This paper on staff development proposes one dimension of the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM), Stages of Concern, as a diagnostic tool for use by counselors, administrators, staff developers and other change facilitators who are responsible for the timing and delivery of staff development experiences. A rationale for staff development, the…

The concept of Stages of Concern about the Innovation (SoC) deals with the psychological orientation of both users and nonusers toward an innovation. This article describes the SoC concept and highlights illustrative research findings. Interventions hypothesized as potentially appropriate and implications for the change process are discussed.…

The Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM), a representation of the process by which an educational institution adopts an innovation, views adoption as a developmental process involving complex interaction between an adopting institution, a user system, and a resource system. The resource system is usually a formal organization whose expert…

Implications for staff development are discussed using an empirically tested model that measures the developmental level of teacher concerns as they deal with innovative ideas. The focus is on specific stages of concern as a way of better understanding relevant interventions useful to the staff developer. (JMF)

This paper describes a study that developed and tested a research measure for investigating the concerns of teachers at different stages in the adoption of educational innovations. Through a review of the literature, the staff of the Procedures for Adopting Educational Innovations project identified seven different stages of teacher concern about…

One simple and straightforward way to learn about individuals' concerns about an educational innovation is to ask them to respond to the question, "When you think about (the innovation), what are you concerned about?" This manual is intended to aid school officials in analyzing these open-ended concerns statements in order to effectively assess…

The concept of Levels of Use of the Innovation (LoU) permits an operational, cost-feasible description and documentation of whether or not an educational innovation or treatment is being implemented. Eight different LoU's can be reliably measured: nonuse, orientation, preparation, mechanical uses, routine, refinement, integration, and renewal.…

Reviews papers in this Quarterly by Herriot and Dawson. (JM)

Conceptualizes a framework of types of partnerships that can develop between a school system and an external resource agency. More complex organizational structures are required as interdependency increases in the collaborative, symbiotic partnership, and spin-off models. There is no magic formula for initiating, sustaining, or terminating…

Over the past few years, several complicated innovations, such as mainstreaming and minimal competency testing, have confronted teachers in addition to their usual responsibilities. In order to facilitate the teachers' implementation of such changes, the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) was developed, using the teacher and the innovation as…

The Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) has been designed to describe change as it affects individuals and to prompt more successful change efforts. CBAM views the teacher as the focal point in school improvement efforts, yet also acknowledges social and organizational influences. This paper describes the application of the model to a curriculum…