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Castela, Marta; Erdfelder, Edgar – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
The recognition heuristic (RH) theory predicts that, in comparative judgment tasks, if one object is recognized and the other is not, the recognized one is chosen. The memory-state heuristic (MSH) extends the RH by assuming that choices are not affected by recognition judgments per se, but by the memory states underlying these judgments (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Memory, Heuristics, Recognition (Psychology), Hypothesis Testing
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Bayen, Ute J.; Erdfelder, Edgar; Bearden, J. Neil; Lozito, Jeffery P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2006
Hindsight bias is the phenomenon that after people are presented with the correct answer to a question, their judgment regarding their own past answer to this question is biased toward the correct answer. In three experiments, younger and older adults gave numerical responses to general-knowledge questions and later attempted to recall their…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Aging (Individuals), Bias, Models