Six papers discuss some of the current issues in the field of mental retardation and human development. Epidemiology of mental retardation from a sociological and clinical point of view is analyzed by Jane R. Mercer, based on studies of mental retardation in the community in Pomona, California. The role of genetics and intra-uterine diagnosis of genetic disorders in relation to mental retardation is discussed by Henry Nadler. William K. Frankenburg reviews the importance of early identification of developmental problems, essential characteristics of screening tests, and some available developmental screening tests, particularly the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Ira J. Gordon considers the effects of early educational intervention programs on early development, focusing upon the family as a target and upon programs that are research programs rather than service efforts without research or evaluation. New directions in reformulation efforts of teacher education are outlined by Nicholas J. Anastasiow. Louis Z. Cooper discusses rubella in terms of developmental problems and family health services. (KW)