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Estigarribia, Bruno; Martin, Gary E.; Roberts, Joanne E.; Spencer, Amy; Gucwa, Agnieszka; Sideris, John – Applied Psycholinguistics, 2011
We examined recalled narratives of boys with fragile X syndrome with autism spectrum disorder (FXS-ASD; N = 28) and without ASD (FXS-O; N = 29), and compared them to those of boys with Down syndrome (N = 33) and typically developing (TD) boys (N = 39). Narratives were scored for mentions of macrostructural story grammar elements (introduction,…
Descriptors: Story Grammar, Mental Age, Age, Syntax
Cardoso-Martins, Claudia; Peterson, Robin; Olson, Richard; Pennington, Bruce – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2009
This study investigates word reading skill in Down Syndrome (DS). Two main questions are addressed: (1) Is reading an island of ability in DS? and (2) What are the cognitive correlates of word reading ability in DS? In particular, how do language versus visual-spatial skills relate to individual differences in reading ability in DS? Participants…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Reading Skills, Spatial Ability, Individual Differences
Santos, Andreia; Deruelle, Christine – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2009
Research on theory of mind (TOM) has provided a major contribution to the understanding of developmental disorders characterized by atypical social behaviour. Yet, there is still little consensus relative to TOM abilities in Williams syndrome (WS). This study used visual and verbal tasks to investigate attribution of intentions in individuals with…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Mental Age, Cognitive Development, Autism
Abdelhameed, Hala; Porter, Jill – International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 2010
Research has shown that verbal short-term memory span is shorter in individuals with Down syndrome than in typically developing individuals of equivalent mental age, but little attention has been given to variations within or across groups. Differences in the environment and in particular educational experiences may play a part in the relative…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Down Syndrome, Disabilities, Short Term Memory
Peters-Scheffer, Nienke; Didden, Robert; Korzilius, Hubert – Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2012
To determine maternal stress and child variables predicting maternal stress, 104 mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) completed the Dutch version of the Parental Stress Index (PSI; De Brock, Vermulst, Gerris, & Abidin, 1992) every six months over a period of two years. The level of maternal…
Descriptors: Mothers, Mental Retardation, Autism, Child Behavior
Landry, Oriane; Mitchell, Peter L.; Burack, Jacob A. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
Background: Are persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) slower than typically developing individuals to read the meaning of a symbolic cue in a visual orienting paradigm? Methods: Participants with ASD (n = 18) and performance mental age (PMA) matched typically developing children (n = 16) completed two endogenous orienting conditions in…
Descriptors: Cues, Mental Age, Autism, Attention
Iacono, Teresa; Torr, Jennifer; Wong, Hui Yi – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2010
Studies into the effects of ageing on language in adults with Down syndrome (DS) have tended to rely on measures that lack sensitivity to change because they fail to explore across linguistic domains or rely on proxy reports. The study aim was to use measures of receptive and expressive language from studies of younger individuals with DS in…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Linguistics, Alzheimers Disease, Down Syndrome
Ferrari, Lea; Nota, Laura; Soresi, Salvatore – Journal of Career Development, 2008
People's ideas about work can greatly affect the ways in which they characterize their own work experience and their lives. The first aim of the present study was to analyze the concept of work in individuals with mild or moderate intellectual disability working in competitive or sheltered work settings and, second, to compare the notions of work…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Mental Retardation, Early Adolescents, Work Experience
Lacroix, Agnes; Guidetti, Michele; Roge, Bernadette; Reilly, Judy – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2009
The aim of our study was to compare two neurodevelopmental disorders (Williams syndrome and autism) in terms of the ability to recognize emotional and nonemotional facial expressions. The comparison of these two disorders is particularly relevant to the investigation of face processing and should contribute to a better understanding of social…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Autism, Social Cognition, Adolescents
Kozulin, A.; Lebeer, J.; Madella-Noja, A.; Gonzalez, F.; Jeffrey, I.; Rosenthal, N.; Koslowsky, M. – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2010
The study aimed at exploring the effectiveness of cognitive intervention with the new "Instrumental Enrichment Basic" program (IE-basic), based on Feuerstein's theory of structural cognitive modifiability that contends that a child's cognitive functioning can be significantly modified through mediated learning intervention. The IE-basic…
Descriptors: Experimental Groups, Mental Age, Intervention, Autism
Frenkel, S.; Bourdin, B. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2009
Background: It is recognized that individuals with Down's syndrome have a specific deficit in verbal short-term memory. On the other hand, non-verbal short-term memory seems to be preserved or even be a strong point for these persons. Nevertheless, the extent and specificity of the deficit must be determined. To do so, we carried out a research…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Adolescents, Short Term Memory, Memorization
Annaz, Dagmara; Karmiloff-Smith, Annette; Johnson, Mark H.; Thomas, Michael S. C. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2009
We report a cross-syndrome comparison of the development of holistic processing in face recognition in school-aged children with developmental disorders: autism, Down syndrome, and Williams syndrome. The autism group was split into two groups: one with high-functioning children and one with low-functioning children. The latter group has rarely…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Age, Autism, Down Syndrome
Rosset, Delphine B.; Rondan, Cecilie; Da Fonseca, David; Santos, Andreia; Assouline, Brigitte; Deruelle, Christine – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
This study evaluated whether atypical face processing in autism extends from human to cartoon faces for which they show a greater interest. Twenty children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) were compared to two groups of typically developing children, matched on chronological and mental age. They processed the emotional expressions of real…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Autism, Cartoons, Emotional Response
Loveland, Katherine A.; Bachevalier, Jocelyne; Pearson, Deborah A.; Lane, David M. – Neuropsychologia, 2008
We used neuropsychological tasks to investigate integrity of brain circuits linking orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala (orbitofrontal-amygdala), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (dorsolateral prefrontal-hippocampus), in 138 individuals aged 7-18 years, with and without autism. We predicted that performance on…
Descriptors: Autism, Brain, Neurological Impairments, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Hutchins, Tiffany L.; Bonazinga, Laura A.; Prelock, Patricia A.; Taylor, Rebecca S. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
The Perceptions of Children's Theory of Mind Measure (Experimental version; PCToMM-E) is an informant measure designed to tap children's theory of mind competence. Study one evaluated the measure when completed by primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Scores demonstrated high test-retest reliability and correlated with…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Autism, Caregivers, Program Effectiveness