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Tal Nahari; Eran Eldar; Yoni Pertzov – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Previous studies have shown that fixations on familiar stimuli tend to be longer than on unfamiliar stimuli, theorized to be a result of retrieval of information from memory. We hypothesize that extended fixations are due to a lesser need to explore an already familiar stimulus. Participant's gaze was tracked as they tried to encode or retrieve a…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Eye Movements, Biofeedback, Memory
Jun Zheng; Baike Li; Wenbo Zhao; Ningxin Su; Tian Fan; Yue Yin; Yali Hu; Xiao Hu; Chunliang Yang; Liang Luo – Metacognition and Learning, 2024
Successful recognition is generally thought to be based on both recollection and familiarity of studied information. Recent studies found that making judgments of learning (JOLs) can reactively facilitate recognition performance, a form of reactivity effect on memory. The current study aimed to explore the roles of recollection and familiarity in…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Recognition (Psychology), Memory, Decision Making
Declan Devlin; Korbinian Moeller; Iro Xenidou-Dervou; Bert Reynvoet; Francesco Sella – Cognitive Science, 2024
In order processing, consecutive sequences (e.g., 1-2-3) are generally processed faster than nonconsecutive sequences (e.g., 1-3-5) (also referred to as the reverse distance effect). A common explanation for this effect is that order processing operates via a memory-based associative mechanism whereby consecutive sequences are processed faster…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Decision Making, Memory
Kollenda, Diana; de Haas, Benjamin – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the wearing of face masks became mandatory in public areas or at workplaces in many countries. While offering protection, the coverage of large parts of our face (nose, mouth and chin) may have consequences for face recognition. This seems especially important in the context of contact tracing which can require memory…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Memory, Human Body, Clothing
Jang, Yoonhee – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Dual-process theories of memory assume that memory is based on recollection and familiarity. A few dual-process approaches to metacognition have been proposed, which assume that metacognitive judgments, including judgments of learning (JOLs) or predictions about the likelihood of recall, are based on two, or slow and fast, processes. Prior…
Descriptors: Evaluative Thinking, Metacognition, Cues, Recall (Psychology)
Ensor, Tyler M.; Surprenant, Aimée M.; Neath, Ian; Hockley, William E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
In recognition, context effects often manifest as higher hit and false-alarm rates to probes tested in an old context compared with probes tested in a new context; sometimes, this concordant effect is accompanied by a discrimination advantage. According to the cue-overload account of context effects (Rutherford, 2004), context acts like any other…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Cues, Memory, Recognition (Psychology)
Brainerd, Charles J.; Bialer, Daniel M.; Chang, Minyu – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
The conjoint-recognition model (CRM) implements fuzzy-trace theory's opponent process conception of false memory. Within the family of measurement models that separate the memory effects of recollection and familiarity, CRM is the only one that accomplishes this for false as well as true memory. We assembled a corpus of 537 sets of…
Descriptors: Memory, Accuracy, Recognition (Psychology), Familiarity
Felix Hao Wang; Meili Luo; Nan Li – Developmental Science, 2024
In word learning, learners need to identify the referent of words by leveraging the fact that the same word may co-occur with different sets of objects. This raises the question, what do children remember from "in the moment" that they can use for cross-situational learning? Furthermore, do children represent pictures of familiar animals…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Vocabulary Development, Memory, Language Acquisition
Eliot Hazeltine; Iring Koch; Daniel H. Weissman – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Responses are slower in two-choice tasks when either a previous stimulus feature or the previous response repeats than when all features repeat or all features change. Current views of action control posit that such partial repetition costs (PRCs) index the time to update a prior "binding" between a stimulus feature and the response or…
Descriptors: College Students, Psychological Studies, Neurosciences, Memory
Coutanche, Marc N.; Koch, Griffin E.; Paulus, John P. – Learning & Memory, 2020
The memories we form are composed of information that we extract from multifaceted episodes. Static stimuli and paired associations have proven invaluable stimuli for understanding memory, but real-life events feature spatial and temporal dimensions that help form new retrieval paths. We ask how the ability to recall semantic, temporal, and…
Descriptors: Memory, Sleep, Familiarity, Recall (Psychology)
Souza, Cristiane; Garrido, Margarida V.; Horchak, Oleksandr V.; Barahona-Correa, J. Bernardo; Carmo, Joana C. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2023
This study examines declarative memory retrieval in ASD depending on the availability and access to stored conceptual knowledge. Fifteen autistic participants and a matched control group of 18 typically-developed (TD) volunteers completed a Remember-Know paradigm manipulated by encoding-type (categorical, perceptual) and item-typicality…
Descriptors: Memory, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Semantics, Schemata (Cognition)
Hinano Iida; Kimi Akita – Cognitive Science, 2024
Iconicity is a relationship of resemblance between the form and meaning of a sign. Compelling evidence from diverse areas of the cognitive sciences suggests that iconicity plays a pivotal role in the processing, memory, learning, and evolution of both spoken and signed language, indicating that iconicity is a general property of language. However,…
Descriptors: Japanese, Cognitive Science, Language Processing, Memory
Mantilla-Blanco, Paula L. – Comparative Education Review, 2023
Although memory sites and formal schooling both serve as battlegrounds for postconflict disputes over memory, there is a dearth of research that examines the connection between the two. This article draws on the case of Colombia to explore the use of memory sites, such as museums and memorials, as pedagogical tools in education for peace building.…
Descriptors: Peace, Violence, Memory, Foreign Countries
Yuhua Yu; Lindsay Krebs; Mark Beeman; Vicky T. Lai – Cognitive Science, 2024
Metaphor generation is both a creative act and a means of learning. When learning a new concept, people often create a metaphor to connect the new concept to existing knowledge. Does the manner in which people generate a metaphor, via sudden insight (Aha! moment) or deliberate analysis, influence the quality of generation and subsequent learning…
Descriptors: Cognitive Science, Figurative Language, Intuition, Outcomes of Education
Geurten, Marie; Willems, Sylvie; Lloyd, Marianne – Child Development, 2021
We tested whether changes in attribution processes could account for the developmental differences observed in how children's use fluency to guide their memory decisions. Children ranging in age from 4 to 9 years studied a list of familiar or unfamiliar cartoon characters. In Experiment 1 (n = 84), participants completed a recognition test during…
Descriptors: Young Children, Attribution Theory, Memory, Recognition (Psychology)