A theoretical model of person memory and judgment--the processes underlying the formation of person impressions--is presented. It incorporates both specific behaviors and abstract personality dispositions or behavioral tendencies. The model accounts for factors affecting recall of social information and interpersonal judgments and is applicable to…

Interactions among the imagination, expertise reversal, and element interactivity effects were investigated in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, less knowledgeable primary school students learning to use a bus timetable produced better performance under study than imagination conditions, but an increase in their experience reversed the result,…

Four experiments tested the predictions made by the model outlined in A. H. Criss and R. M. Shiffrin (2004b). Participants studied 2 successive lists of pairs followed by a recognition memory test for the most recent list. Some items and some pairs were repeated across the 2 lists. Critically, a given item could be repeated in the same or…

Contextual cuing refers to the facilitation of performance in visual search due to the repetition of the same displays. Whereas previous studies have focused on contextual cuing within single-search trials, this study tested whether 1 trial facilitates visual search of the next trial. Participants searched for a T among Ls. In the training phase,…

The present experiments test two plausible interpretations of the effect of frequency on relative recency judgments. (Editor)

The conditions and characteristics of cumulative proactive inhibition were investigated in three experiments. Subjects went through 8 study-recall cycles, with the critical tests of retention occurring 48 hours after acquisition. Results of the experiments suggest that cumulative proactive inhibition builds up only when retention is measured by…

Three word-identification experiments suggest that a model derived from experiments with pseudowords can be applied successfully to word identification. The data derived from the experiments confirm the role of higher order verbal units in word identification and suggest the structural components of a verbal-mediation theory of reading. (Editor/RK)

The assumption that recall and recognition involve different processes has been attacked and defended in recent years on both theoretical and empirical grounds. This research extends the notion that retrieval processes are operative in recognition as well as in free recall of individual words. (Editor/RK)

These experiments consider similarities and differences between classifications of pictorial and verbal stimuli in order to investigate whether the kinds of information used differ depending on the stimulus class. Three hypotheses regarding the information used in picture and word classification were evaluated. (Author/RK)

This research attempts to determine whether integration of information occurs when the information is presented partly in the verbal modality and partly in the pictorial modality; in other words, does cross-modality integration occur? (Author/RK)

This research examines how pictures differ from sentences on important memory dimensions, with specific reference to Bransford and Franks (1971). (Author/RK)

Inference and response bias effects in recall from short-term memory were tested in six memory and pseudomemory experiments. Factors known to influence the Ranschburg effect--reduced recall of repeated items--were manipulated in memory and in pseudomemory conditions permitting no specific item retention. (Editor)

Three experiments investigated the nature of false recognition errors made after incidental learning that required acoustic or semantic analysis. (Editor)

This research used tasks analogous to Delayed Matching-to-Sample tasks to study pigeons' Short Term Memory for responses and reinforcers, as well as for more conventional stimuli. The broad question is whether stimulus, response, and reinforcer memories are all influenced in the same way by the same independent variables. (Author/RK)

There are many tasks in which people are called on to disregard information that they have already processed. Dealing with inadmissible evidence in a courtroom setting, second-guessing the past, etc. This research investigates such difficulties in a general form, using almanac-type questions. (Editor/RK)