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Singer, Murray – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2019
There is accumulating evidence that readers continually evaluate the consistency, congruence, and coherence of text by processes of validation. Validation is initiated immediately on stimulus presentation, may proceed nonstrategically, and serves as a criterion for representational updating. However, validation exhibits a variety of deficiencies.…
Descriptors: Validity, Reading Comprehension, Cognitive Processes, Research Problems
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Vales, Catarina; Fisher, Anna V. – Cognitive Science, 2019
A large literature suggests that the organization of words in semantic memory, reflecting meaningful relations among words and the concepts to which they refer, supports many cognitive processes, including memory encoding and retrieval, word learning, and inferential reasoning. The co-activation of related items has been proposed as a mechanism by…
Descriptors: Semantics, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Vocabulary Development
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Sievers, Carolin; Bird, Chris M.; Renoult, Louis – Learning & Memory, 2019
Repeated study typically improves episodic memory performance. Two different types of explanations of this phenomenon have been put forward: (1) reactivating the same representations strengthens and stabilizes memories, or (2) greater encoding variability benefits memory by promoting richer traces. The present experiment directly compared these…
Descriptors: Memory, Concept Formation, Prediction, Cognitive Processes
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Dumanli Kadizade, Esma; Anilan, Serhan Olcay – Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2020
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to draw reader's attention to the author-space relationship in order to fulfill the theoretical deficiency in terms of space-psychoanalysis in the light of qualitative data. Methods: Qualitative data analysis has been thought to be the best way to deal with the space-psychoanalysis relationship through…
Descriptors: Content Analysis, Psychiatry, Childrens Literature, Copyrights
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Donovan, Amalia M.; Theodosis, Elias; Rapp, David N. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2018
People routinely rely on inaccuracies they have read to complete subsequent tasks, even when they should already possess accurate prior knowledge. This problematic reliance maintains even when people are warned about potential inaccuracies prior to reading. In contrast, reductions have been observed when interventions target encoding of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Reading Comprehension, Attention, Memory
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Smith, Steven M.; Handy, Justin D.; Hernandez, Alan; Jacoby, Larry L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
It has often been shown that intentional recollection is influenced by context manipulations, such as context reinstatement (e.g., Smith, 2013; Smith & Vela, 2001), but whether or not automatic retrieval (e.g., Jacoby, 1991) is likewise context dependent remains an open question. Here, we present two experiments that examined effects of…
Descriptors: Memory, Context Effect, Priming, Undergraduate Students
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Gottschling, Steffen; Kammerer, Yvonne – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021
This eye-tracking study examines how differences in sources' trustworthiness are used by readers to regulate and resolve conflicting scientific claims. One hundred forty-four university students were sequentially presented with two conflicting scientific claims (regarding nanotechnology) across two texts. The claims were indicated to stem from two…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Critical Reading, Information Sources
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Merchie, Emmelien; Catrysse, Leen; Van Keer, Hilde – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2021
Mind maps are often used to help readers process texts, but their effectiveness is empirically under-investigated. This study explores whether the use of mind maps presented either before or after the text can prime successful selective processing strategies related to the text topic structure. Differences in performance outcomes (i.e., memory and…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Cognitive Mapping, Cognitive Processes, Reading Processes
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Ng, Lee Luan; Rino Sharieful Azizie; Chew, Shin Yi – Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 2022
The study investigates the impact of Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) on players' application of vocabulary learning strategies. The participants are experienced online gamers aged between 24 and 25 years old. Apart from identifying the vocabulary learning strategies used by the ESL players during online gaming, in order to…
Descriptors: Computer Games, Simulated Environment, Vocabulary Development, Young Adults
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Avsar, Volkan; Sevim, Seher A. – International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 2022
Specific memories of early negative life experiences (ENLE) and images play an important role in the cause and persistence of social anxiety. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy (iCBT), which includes updating a specific memory of ENLE and related images using the empty chair technique,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Behavior Modification, Experience, Anxiety
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Szollosi, Ágnes; Kéri, Szabolcs; Racsmány, Mihály – Learning & Memory, 2022
Some previous studies have shown that increased stress hormone levels have beneficial effects on memory encoding; however, there is no clear consensus on which encoding-related processes are affected by stress hormones. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between interindividual differences in neuroendocrine response to acute…
Descriptors: Memory, Cognitive Processes, Stress Variables, Recognition (Psychology)
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Umanath, Sharda; Ries, François; Huff, Mark J. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2019
Younger and older adults are more suggestible to additive (not originally included) versus contradictory (a change to the original) misleading details. Only suggestibility to contradictory misinformation can be reduced with explicit instructions to detect errors during exposure to misinformation. The present work examines how to reduce…
Descriptors: Memory, Age Differences, Young Adults, Adults
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Maylor, Elizabeth A.; Long, Hannah R.; Newstead, Rhianne A. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2019
Alcohol has detrimental effects on a range of cognitive processes, the most prominent being episodic memory. These deficits appear functionally similar to those observed within the normal aging population. We investigated whether an associative memory deficit, as found in older adults, would also be evident in young adults moderately intoxicated…
Descriptors: Drinking, Cognitive Processes, Memory, Older Adults
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Evans, Jacqueline R.; Schreiber Compo, Nadja; Carol, Rolando N.; Nichols-Lopez, Kristin; Holness, Howard; Furton, Kenneth G. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2019
Intoxicated witnesses are common, making it important to understand alcohol's impact on witness accuracy and suggestibility. Participants assigned to an immediate retrieval condition encoded and recalled in one of the three intoxication conditions: sober control, placebo, or intoxicated. Participants in the delayed retrieval condition were…
Descriptors: Alcohol Abuse, Memory, Reliability, Accuracy
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Janssen, Steve M. J.; Anne, Michele – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2019
Studies examining the influence of alcohol intoxication have reported mixed findings on whether it impairs eyewitness memory. Although the studies in this Special Issue investigated different questions and tested different variables, the findings of these studies collectively provide insight into mechanisms and methodological issues that may…
Descriptors: Memory, Metacognition, Alcohol Abuse, Cognitive Processes
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