The testing effect, where retrieval practice aids performance on later tests, may be a powerful tool for improving learning and retention. Three experiments test the potentials and limitations of retrieval practice for retention and comprehension of the content of science texts. Experiment 1 demonstrated that cued recall of paragraphs, but not…

The current study explored the elaborative retrieval hypothesis as an explanation for the testing effect: the tendency for a memory test to enhance retention more than restudying. In particular, the retrieval process during testing may activate elaborative information related to the target response, thereby increasing the chances that activation…

The present research examined self-reported rehearsal processes in naturalistic time-based prospective memory tasks (Study 1 and 2) and compared them with the processes in event-based tasks (Study 3). Participants had to remember to phone the experimenter either at a prearranged time (a time-based task) or after receiving a certain text message…

The misinformation effect refers to the impairment in memory for the past that arises after exposure to misleading information. The phenomenon has been investigated for at least 30 years, as investigators have addressed a number of issues. These include the conditions under which people are especially susceptible to the negative impact of…

On the premise that committing a word to memory is a type of covert action capable of being stopped, this study merged an item-method directed forgetting paradigm with a stop signal paradigm. The primary dependent measure was immediate recall. Indicating that participants were able to countermand the default instruction to remember, there was an…

The present paper asked whether certain sources of short-term forgetting, proactive interference and interpolated task difficulty, exerted their influences in STS, LTS, or both. (Author/RK)

Two experiments were conducted in which to-be-learned information was systematically structured into either a hierarchy of nested categories or a single level of categorical organization. (Editor)

The present research was proposed to examine the effect of instructed mental imagery vs. rote repetition on recall. (Author/RK)

This article describes an experiment which explores the relationship between the interval between the two occurrences of the repeated item to be recalled and the memory for the repeated item, and argues that both spacing and lag effects are dependent upon factors associated with study-phase retrieval. (CLK)

Article is concerned with reporting an experiment which adds to the corpus of information respecting dual codes in short-term memory. (Author/GB)

Describes two experiments testing reports that subjects presented with outcome feedback are unable to remember their original knowledge state. Claims that while the first experiment confirmed the reports, the second indicated that feedback information is not automatically assimilated, and that prior knowledge state can be recalled when the…

The results of these two studies support the general proposition that retention is critically dependent on factors determined at acquisition. (Author)

An expected interaction of feedback with retention interval was found only in the conditional probability intrusion and recognition data. This supported assumptions concerning the adequacy of the conditional probability measure as a relatively unbiased strength measure. (Editor)

This experiment failed to find any input-specific output-interference effects which were evidenced by earlier experiments dealing with the discrete recall of single items. (Author)

The purpose of the two experiments was to investigate the possibility that kinesthetic location information has retention characteristics that are different from those of kinesthetic distance information and also to evaluate certain assumptions of the assimulation theory of motor short term memory. (Author)