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Tal Nahari; Eran Eldar; Yoni Pertzov – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Previous studies have shown that fixations on familiar stimuli tend to be longer than on unfamiliar stimuli, theorized to be a result of retrieval of information from memory. We hypothesize that extended fixations are due to a lesser need to explore an already familiar stimulus. Participant's gaze was tracked as they tried to encode or retrieve a…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Eye Movements, Biofeedback, Memory
Kollenda, Diana; de Haas, Benjamin – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the wearing of face masks became mandatory in public areas or at workplaces in many countries. While offering protection, the coverage of large parts of our face (nose, mouth and chin) may have consequences for face recognition. This seems especially important in the context of contact tracing which can require memory…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Memory, Human Body, Clothing
Kramer, Robin S. S.; Hardy, Sarah C.; Ritchie, Kay L. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2020
Investigations of face identification have typically focussed on matching faces to photographic IDs. Few researchers have considered the task of searching for a face in a crowd. In Experiment 1, we created the Chokepoint Search Test to simulate real-time search for a target. Performance on this test was poor (39% accuracy) and showed moderate…
Descriptors: Identification, Recognition (Psychology), Human Body, Visual Discrimination
Lee, Hongmi; Kim, Kyungmi; Yi, Do-Joon – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Previous studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the effects of item repetition on the subsequent encoding of contextual details associated with items (i.e., source memory). Whereas some studies reported repetition-induced enhancement in source memory, other studies observed repetition-induced impairment. To resolve these…
Descriptors: Memory, Familiarity, Context Effect, Tests
Bülthoff, Isabelle; Zhao, Mintao – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Many studies have demonstrated that we can identify a familiar face on an image much better than an unfamiliar one, especially when various degradations or changes (e.g., image distortions or blurring, new illuminations) have been applied, but few have asked how different types of facial information from familiar faces are stored in memory. Here…
Descriptors: Memory, Classification, Human Body, Self Concept
Starns, Jeffrey J.; Ksander, John C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Increasing the number of study trials creates a crossover pattern in source memory zROC slopes; that is, the slope is either below or above 1 depending on which source receives stronger learning. This pattern can be produced if additional learning affects memory processes such as the relative contribution of recollection and familiarity to source…
Descriptors: Memory, Learning Processes, Familiarity, Decision Making
Guillaume, Fabrice; Tiberghien, Guy – Brain and Cognition, 2013
The present study investigated the impact of study-test similarity on face recognition by manipulating, in the same experiment, the expression change (same vs. different) and the task-processing context (inclusion vs. exclusion instructions) as within-subject variables. Consistent with the dual-process framework, the present results showed that…
Descriptors: Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Recognition (Psychology), Cognitive Processes
Carbon, Claus-Christian; Ditye, Thomas – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
Figural aftereffects are commonly believed to be transient and to fade away in the course of milliseconds. We tested face aftereffects using familiar faces and found sustained effects lasting up to 1 week. In 3 experiments, participants were first exposed to distorted pictures of famous persons and then had to select the veridical face in a…
Descriptors: Brain, Visual Perception, Perception, Human Body
Masullo, Carlo; Piccininni, Chiara; Quaranta, Davide; Vita, Maria Gabriella; Gaudino, Simona; Gainotti, Guido – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Semantic memory was investigated in a patient (MR) affected by a severe apperceptive visual agnosia, due to an ischemic cerebral lesion, bilaterally affecting the infero-mesial parts of the temporo-occipital cortices. The study was made by means of a Semantic Knowledge Questionnaire (Laiacona, Barbarotto, Trivelli, & Capitani, 1993), which takes…
Descriptors: Animals, Stimuli, Semantics, Familiarity
Richmond, Jenny; Nelson, Charles A. – Developmental Science, 2009
Here we report evidence from a new eye-tracking measure of relational memory that suggests that 9-month-old infants can encode memories in terms of the relations among items, a function putatively subserved by the hippocampus. Infants learned about the association between faces that were superimposed on unique scenic backgrounds. During test…
Descriptors: Infants, Memory, Human Body, Eye Movements