The aims of this study were (1) to assess the relative effectiveness of verbal and visual elaboration prompts and question-answering prompts on children's incidental memory, and (2) to determine whether performance improvement associated with pictorial elaboration could be augmented by either verbal elaboration or question-answering procedures.…

Effects of verbal and pictorial elaboration on long-term memory were assessed. Second-graders learned a list of nouns by the paired-associate method, and long-term retention was assessed after seven days. Results indicated that although elaboration facilitates initial acquisition, it neither helps nor hinders long-term retention. (Author/RD)

In order to provide an estimate of encoding within the active mode and a comparison between three modes of representation (enactive, imagery, and verbal), 36 second grade children from the high socioeconomic community of Beverly Hills, California, were presented with object pairs under one of three conditions (haptic-object versus visual-object…