This paper reconceptualizes Thomas Clifford Allbutt's contributions to the making of scientific medicine in late nineteenth-century England. Existing literature on Allbutt usually describes his achievements, such as his design of the pocket thermometer and his advocacy of the use of the ophthalmoscope in general medicine, as independent events;…

Describes the method, present status, and application of positron emission tomography (PET), an analytical imaging technique for "in vivo" measurements of the anatomical distribution and rates of specific biochemical reactions. Measurements and image dynamic biochemistry link basic and clinical neurosciences with clinical findings…

Presents the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research guidelines for performing psychosurgery. Also includes dissenting arguments of commission members favoring a total ban of psychosurgery. (SL)

Reports on scientific research with rats which has found that electrical stimulation in areas of the brain can trigger behavioral effects similar to those produced by narcotic drugs. (CP)

Discusses recent advances in the understanding of the photoreceptor function. Phototransduction, photoreceptor syncitium, and the signal at the synapse are among the topic areas addressed. (DH)

This is a review of the relationship of neurochemistry to behavior. Most of the common neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are introduced. Special emphasis is given to the involvement of neurochemistry in mental disorders. (BB)

This article on the brain is part of an entire issue about neurobiology and the question of how the human brain works. The brain as an intricate tissue composed of cells is discussed based on the current knowledge and understanding of its composition and structure. (SA)

The neuron, called the building block of the brain, is discussed with regard to structure and function. (Author/SA)

The organization of the billions of neurons within the brain and spinal cord of mammals is discussed. (Author/SA)

This discussion focuses on the problem in neurobiology in which neurons are able to make correct connections as the brain develops in utero. (Author/SA)

This article focuses on the mechanisms of the human brain whose function is vision. (SA)

This article focuses on the mechanisms of the human brain which bring about body movements. Included is a discussion of the way in which the brain and spinal cord issue commands and receive signals. (Author/SA)

The specialized regions of the brain which control mental activity and language development are discussed in this article. (Author/SA)

Small systems of neurons are discussed as they relate to studies of simple animals and the generating of behavior from interacting systems. (SA)

The chemical dimension of the function of the brain is discussed in this article. The chemical transmitters or substances are related to the excitatory or inhibitory influence on neurons. (Author/SA)