A unifying modular approach to the description of modern instrumentation used in analytical measurements is described. Through the identification of five modules for analytical instrument, discussions pertaining to the different physical and chemical interactions can be better directed towards the similarities and differences in the actual methods.

The difference between solution and surface properties such as pK(sub a) is illustrated enabling students to understand the differences between nanoscale and macroscopic systems. Details regarding the usage of electrochemical instrumentation, such as a potentiostat, and of the technique such as cyclic voltammetry are given.

Thermoluminescence and its application to archeological dating are considered in this article. Descriptions are given of the method, the required doses, absolute and relative dating, complications, and the relation of this type of dating to other methods. (SA)

Following a delineation of thermoluminescence from a historical perspective and a qualitative description of the process, a treatment of the kinetic process based on a simple model is presented. This treatment model is adequate for the purpose of identifying the essential requirements in instrument design. (BT)

The current manual NO (x) sampling and analysis method was evaluated. Improved time-integrated sampling and rapid analysis methods were developed. In the new method, the sample gas is drawn through a heated bed of uniquely active, crystalline, Pb02 where NO (x) is quantitatively absorbed. Nitrate ion is later extracted with water and the…

A prototype model low level carbon monoxide analyzer was developed using fluorescent cell and negative chopping techniques to achieve a device superior to state of art NDIR (Nondispersive infrared) analyzers in stability and cross-sensitivity to other gaseous species. It is clear that this type of analyzer has that capacity. The prototype…

The well known Saltzman method for oxides of nitrogen is intended for the determination of these constituents in the ambient atmosphere in the range of a few parts per billion to about 5ppm. However, when sulfur dioxide is present in the gas to be sampled and/or the concentration range of the oxides of nitrogen is from five to several thousand…

Presents part two on the use of the detection of thermoluminescence as an analytical tool for the chemistry laboratory and allied science. This part discusses instrumentation used and investigates recent developments in instrumentation for thermoluminescence. (HM)

Describes an experiment, designed for use in the undergraduate laboratory, that measures the bond energies of molecules using a small commercial mass spectrometer and low-cost digital voltmeters. (BT)

Describes a laboratory technique for use in an undergraduate instrumental analysis course that, using the interpretation of window diagrams, prepares a mixed liquid phase column for gas-liquid chromatography. A detailed procedure is provided. (BT)