Learning fractions is a critical step in children's mathematical development. However, many children struggle with learning fractions, especially fraction arithmetic. In this article, we propose a general framework for integrating understanding of individual fractions and fraction arithmetic, and we use the framework to generate interventions…

Comparing groups is a fundamental activity in statistics since it includes many basic concepts like center, variability, and representation and can pave the way to inferential statistics. Preliminary work involving group comparisons can be undertaken at an early age, e.g., at primary school using proto-concepts like modal clumps, precursor…

The sandwich problem described in this article would likely be considered more appropriate for third grade or above. However, as members of the research team for a lesson study involving teachers from kindergarten through fourth grade, the authors saw kindergarten students rise to the challenge. The authors invite readers to review two scenarios,…

In this study we investigate the teaching of the associative property in a natural classroom setting through observation of classroom video of several elementary math classes in a large urban school district. Findings indicate that the associative property was often conflated with the commutative property during teaching. The role of the…

This study examined the impact of iPad integration on student motivation, engagement, and learning skills in a mathematics program. Subjects included 143 students aged 8 to 14 years old and 63 parents in an Indian-based school in Dubai where the national curriculum required the use of tablets be integrated into school subjects starting at grade…

Air Tutors is an online tutoring organization that provides one-on-one and small group tutoring for K-12 students. Air Tutors uses live, online tutoring and an online platform that incorporates video conferencing and interactive whiteboards; recruits high-quality paid tutors with tutoring experience and engaging online personalities; and engages…

We analyzed the effects of a game-based, supplemental fraction curriculum on fourth and fifth grade students' fraction knowledge, engagement, and STEM interest. Students with and without disabilities with intersecting identities (e.g., race, disability status, gender) comprised the sample. Results indicate significant differences in fraction…

Mathematics is necessary to enable children to gain the knowledge and skills required for daily life, it teaches them how to solve a problem, enables them to gain ways of thinking and prepares them for the future. The prejudice developed towards mathematics affects the students' perceptions related to the mentioned course. The students' low…

The aim of this study is to determine whether mathematics anxiety levels of fourth grade primary school students differs between EEP (Enriched Education Program) implemented class and unapplied class. This study was conducted with totally 30 students who were randomly selected among 4th grade primary school students studying in two private schools…

Calculators are a viable option for educational technology in developing countries due to its affordability and accessibility; it is also supported by literature to have positive effects on the students' acquisition of mathematics concepts and skills positively. However, the stakeholders of education in Indonesia often stigmatize the use of…

Many researchers have illustrated the multi-faceted nature of classroom mathematics discussions, but few have demonstrated the effect of discussion on students' assessment performance. We developed and employed a discussion observation instrument in 20 third and fourth grade classrooms in an economically disadvantaged, linguistically diverse…

The low performance of Grade 4 learners in the mathematical concept of word problems involving multiplication remains a concern for many researchers in mathematics education. Several studies conducted have largely focused on improving learners' performance on bare problems involving multiplication, with little focus on contextual problems. The…

This study aimed to explore if there are any differences in word problem solving skills of fourth grade students using animated-cartoon story vs. text-only story vs. non-story. For this purpose, word problems-embedded animated cartoon stories were created on computers and the same stories were written in text format on paper. The word problems…

The 2004 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act mandated that students with disabilities be educated with their nondisabled peers in the least restrictive environment. In a large urban district elementary school in the U.S. southwest inclusion classrooms were created to address this mandate. The problem for this study was that 3rd to 5th…

In our pursuit to broaden and deepen understandings of what it means to engage in an assessment activity, we explored the designing and implementing of a geometry performance task as an instantiation of authentic assessment to assess elementary school students' mathematics learning. Using participatory action research, we incorporated a…