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Luxton, K.; And Others – Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 1994
Sixteen people with blindness or visual impairments used three different types of tactual maps of the New York City subway system presenting information at three levels of specificity. Results indicated that the tactual maps improved participants' attitudes toward the subway and benefited blind as well as low vision participants. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Adults, Blindness, Maps, Rail Transportation

Easton, Randolph D.; Bentzen, Billie Louise – Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 1980
Two experiments compared single v double lines on tactile mobility maps using 12 blindfolded sighted Ss, 12 congenitally blind Ss, and 12 adventitiously blinded Ss (age range for all three groups, 7 to 72). (Author)
Descriptors: Adults, Adventitious Impairments, Blindness, Children

Espinosa, M. A.; Ochaita, E. – Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 1998
This study evaluated the effects of three instructional methods (direct experience, cartographic representation (tactile map), and verbal description) on the spatial knowledge of 30 adults with blindness. Results indicated that participants' practical spatial knowledge was better when they learned with a tactile map than in either of the other…
Descriptors: Adults, Blindness, Instructional Effectiveness, Instructional Materials
James, Grahame; Swain, Richard – New Outlook for the Blind, 1975
Descriptors: Adults, Blindness, Exceptional Child Research, Foreign Countries