This research investigated Lean and Industry 4.0 competencies required by the manufacturing industry and taught in Applied Engineering, Technology, Technology Management, Manufacturing, and Related (AETTMMR) program curricula. The aim was to identify the misalignment between the manufacturing industry competency need and the AETTMMR academic curricula covered competencies relative to Lean and Industry 4.0. This was a step towards developing an academic curricula framework standard for Lean and Industry 4.0 integration (Lean 4.0). The research was guided by four objectives. Objective one focused on identifying the Lean and Industry 4.0 competencies required by the manufacturing industry. Objective two focused on identifying the Lean and Industry 4.0 competencies addressed within AETTMMR program curricula. Objective three investigated the misalignment between the manufacturing industry Lean and Industry 4.0 competencies and those of the AETTMMR program curricula, while the fourth and final objective focused on identifying the state-of-the-art framework for incorporating Lean and Industry 4.0 into academic curricula. Findings revealed that artificial intelligence (AI), and continuous improvement, respectively, were the leading Industry 4.0 and Lean competencies required in the manufacturing industry. For the AETTMMR curricula, AI and Flow, and Kanban respectively, were found to constitute the leading Industry 4.0 and Lean concepts competencies covered within the academic curricula. Further findings revealed that there was no statistically significant misalignment (p-value = 0.343) between the Industry 4.0 competencies required in the manufacturing industry and the Industry 4.0 concepts competencies covered in AETTMMR curricula. It also showed statistically significant misalignments (p-value = 0.019) between the Lean competencies required in the manufacturing industry and the Lean concepts competencies covered in the AETTMMR curricula. Specifically, gaps were evident across all the Lean practice categories. Finally, it was found that both Learning Factory and Teaching Factory frameworks are considered state-of-the-art methods for incorporating Lean and Industry 4.0 concepts into academic curricula. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]