In this paper, I argue that the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and education have been deeply intertwined since the early days of AI. Specifically, I show that many of the early pioneers of AI were cognitive scientists who also made pioneering and impactful contributions to the field of education. These researchers saw AI as a tool for…

As artificial intelligence and natural language processing methods rapidly develop, communication plays a pivotal role in every-day interactions. In this theoretical paper, we explore the overlap and commonalities between question-asking and prompt engineering. While seemingly distinct, these processes share a common foundation in essential skills…

Cognitive load occurs when the demands of a task surpass the available processing capacity, straining mental resources and potentially impairing performance efficiency, such as increasing the number of errors in a task. Owing to its ubiquity in real-world scenarios, the existence of offloading strategies to reduce cognitive load is not new to…

As a wide variety of intelligent technologies become part of everyday life, researchers have explored how people conceptualize agents that in some ways act and think like living things but are clearly machines. Much of this work draws upon the idea that people readily default to generalizing human-like properties to such agents, and only pare back…

Big data in education promotes access to the analysis of learning behavior, yielding many valuable analysis results. However, with obscure and insufficient guidelines commonly followed when applying the analysis results, it is difficult to translate information knowledge into actionable strategies for educational practices. This study aimed to…

A key feature of embodied education is the participation of the learners' body and mind with the environment. Yet, little work has been done to review the state of embodied education with Artificial Intelligence (AI). The goal of this systematic review is to examine the state of human and AI's triad engagement in education, that is the mind, body,…

The advent of generative artificial intelligence (GAI), exemplified by ChatGPT, has introduced both new opportunities and challenges in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and entrepreneurship education. This exploratory quasi-experimental study examined the effects of ChatGPT-assisted collaborative learning (CCL) on students'…

The emergence of ChatGPT, an AI system designed for conversation by OpenAI, has prompted conversations about its transformative possibilities in multiple fields, primarily in education. This study conducts an in-depth investigation into the emotional and cognitive factors contributing to the popularity of ChatGPT and its influence on the shift…

Collaborative learning (CL) can be a powerful method for sharing understanding between learners. To this end, strategic regulation of processes, such as cognition and affect (including metacognition, emotion and motivation) is key. Decades of research on self-regulated learning has advanced our understanding about the need for and complexity of…

It is common to use anthropomorphic labels when talking about technology, for example describing some robots and phones as smart, thinking and talking. This article describes a workshop in which students considered ways that words such as 'hearing', 'smart' and 'intelligence' might change in meaning when they are used in the context of robotics…

While AI has become more prevalent in our society than ever, many young learners are found holding various naive, erroneous conceptions of AI due to the influence of their technology and media environments. To address this issue, this study seeks to propose a novel pedagogical solution to improve upper-elementary school students' scientific…

Preventing humans from committing errors is a crucial aspect of man-machine interaction and systems of computer assistance. It is a basic implication that those systems need to recognise errors before they occur. This paper reports an exploratory study that utilises eye-tracking technology and automated face recognition in order to analyse test…

This article describes an advanced learning technology used to investigate hypotheses about learning by teaching. The proposed technology is an instance of a teachable agent, called SimStudent, that learns skills (e.g., for solving linear equations) from examples and from feedback on performance. SimStudent has been integrated into an online,…

In many evolving systems, inputs can be derived from both human observations and physical sensors. Additionally, many computation and analysis tasks can be performed by either human beings or artificial intelligence (AI) applications. For example, weather prediction, emergency event response, assistive technology for various human sensory and…

Computers may not be able to master poetics like Aristotle, but they have become smart enough to know a metaphor when they see one. An online database called The Mind Is a Metaphor, created by Brad Pasanek, an assistant professor of English at the University of Virginia, is a searchable bank of phrases, verses, and lines from literature that…