The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed chatbots into generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs) capable of performing various tasks. The use of GPTs is expanding to learning, including natural sciences like chemistry. GPTs can assist students in understanding and solving chemistry problems. However, there are…

We live in an age of artificial intelligence (AI). Open AI, an American artificial intelligence organization, claims that generative chatbots are here to stay. Although computer technology remains unevenly distributed, the presence of AI continues to be felt in many areas of daily life. Further, AI development happens in few countries whose…

With the increase in demand for online learning, machine teachers are becoming an important technology in higher education, since they are expected to improve teaching effectiveness and student learning outcomes. However, machine teachers require an aptitude for technology and are associated with high initial costs. Thus, here, we use a more basal…