This article discusses broadly, the literature on racial-ethnic identity (REI) and its role as a factor to promote academic success in young African American adolescents, in particular males. The review also defines, describes, and interprets styles of self-presentation that reflect aspects of REI among African American males in and outside of…

Examined the effect of gender on the ratings of sports as appropriate for male and female participation, respectively. Results from 104 women and 103 men (96.6% white) show that men, especially sex-typed men, were inclined to stereotype sports as masculine or feminine. Possible explanations include early childhood socialization and engaging in…

This paper studies 411 heterosexual college students' gender roles and sexual experiences, including those experiences affecting women assuming traditional male roles in dating and sexual interactions. Findings reveal no specific patterns, but women's sexual experiences and nontraditional roles depend on the specific role and the status and…

A historical review of outdoor education in the United Kingdom discusses early objectives of preparing young men for war, improving physical health and moral character, and preventing juvenile delinquency; girls' outdoor courses of the 1950s that emphasized hygiene, homemaking, and child care skills; and outdoor education's reflection of sex-role…

This literature review focuses on the overrepresentation of African-American males in special education. The most prevalent factors that contribute to this epidemic are poverty and the perceptions of teachers, their attitudes towards African-American men and the lack of their cultural understandings. Not only does this literature review focus on…

In recent years, scholarly and applied inquiry has addressed the importance of interpersonal communication patterns and problems in maximum security institutions for males. As a result of this research, the number of programs designed to improve the interpersonal effectiveness of prison inmates has increased dramatically. Research suggests that…

Gives a history of attitudes toward homosexuality and discusses the consequences of homophobia, an irrational fear of homosexuality. Stresses that social workers must understand that feelings and fantasies about same-sex behavior are natural before they can help clients cope with the social problems engendered by homophobia. (Author/JAC)

Discusses the causes of voluntary and involuntary midlife career changes by men. Examines factors to be considered by counselors whose clients are involved in these transitions. (RC)

This paper examines why the training, certification, selection, and promotion of educational administrators ensures both the continuation of white-male dominance and of leaders oriented toward bureaucratic maintenance. The report draws on a poststructural conceptualization of power--the deployment of power through normalization--to provide an…

Three factors were identified as most important in explaining the nonratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): (1) the low support for the amendment among politically influential groups; (2) the uneven geographic distribution of ERA support; and (3) the association between ERA opposition and a broader right-wing backlash. (Author/RM)

Writings dealing with the basis for the motive behind men's domination of women are reviewed. It is suggested that the development of this motive might be altered if men, as well as women, care for infants. The possibility of greater equality in the family and in the economy is discussed. (Author/EB)

Radio's "Golden Age," the 1930s and 1940s produced numerous successful and profitable daytime serials, called "soap operas" because they were most often sponsored by firms selling laundry products. Among the most popular of these series were those produced by the team of Anne and Frank Hummert. Working through the…

Noting recent media stories claiming that gender reform in schools has benefited girls at the expense of boys, this book offers an overview of the issues surrounding boys and education. The book argues that popular constructions of masculinity affect boys in all parts of their lives: in families, peer groups, and work cultures--at home, at school,…

Discusses rape prevention in the context of a problematic masculinity. Reviews conservative, mythopoetic, and feminist perspectives on masculinity. Proposes a feminist foundation for rape prevention programs for college males. (Author/KW)

A brief look at a cross-cultural perspective of the forcible sexual abuse of women by men reveals a wide range of allowed expression. The ethnologists point out the intimate connection between the aggressive and sexual drives in the animal. A significant change has been occurring, with increasing public acceptance that sexual gratification without…