In this study of developmental precursors of adolescent behavior, the developmental trajectories of 435 boys from ages 3 through 15 were traced for selected correlates of delinquency (childhood antisocial behavior, low verbal intelligence, reading difficulty, and family adversity). (PCB)

Results from a study of 387 healthy old people studied at baseline and four years later in Edinburgh (Scotland) suggest that, those with higher baseline ability, in higher social-class groups, with more education, and those who are younger are relatively protected from a decline in verbal intelligence, measured by an adult reading test, with age.…

A longitudinal investigation of neurocognitive function was conducted on 63 newly diagnosed pediatric patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) at onset of illness and 1-year post diagnosis. The results at diagnosis, when the children were ages 4 months to 12 years, revealed no differences compared to sibling controls, nor any…

Using data from the Swedish Individual Statistics Project, changes in intelligence among 13-year olds are documented over a 25-year period. The average spatial and reasoning intelligence has risen successively. A clear increase is found for verbal intelligence in the 1960s, with more irregular growth since then. (SLD)

Examines the relationships among phonological awareness, phonological memory, and development of reading skills in a longitudinal study, by following 222 Finnish preschoolers through grade 2. Focuses on the role of phonological memory in word recognition and comprehension. Underlines the stability of development of phonological memory,…

Mental state language during conversations about the past was assessed in a short-term longitudinal study. Twenty-one mother-child dyads discussed several previously experienced events when the children were 30 and 42 months old. Over time, children's mental term use--although quite low--did increase, and both mothers and children talked more…

Children's attention to four cartoons was observed in a laboratory session at the end of a two-year longitudinal study of home television viewing. Age (5 or 7), verbal ability (PPVT-R score) and home viewing history were examined as predictors of visual attention. There were no age differences, but PPVT-R scores were positively related to…

This study examines the validity of high school grade point average (GPA) and of the verbal and mathematical portions of the Scholastic Aptitude Test of the College Entrance Examination Board, as predictors of college performance over an eight year period. (Author/DEP)

The study compared earlier identified (grades 2-4) to later identified (grades 5-8) learning-disabled students' test scores (Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) upon identification and over time in special education. No significant between-group differences were found at identification. Over time (two…

The longitudinal changes in moral judgment and ego development in a young adult sample (n=61) were investigated, while controlling for verbal ability. Findings suggest that moral development continues into the young adult years and that verbal ability may moderate sex differences in moral judgment. (Author/BW)

Background: Longitudinal studies show that in the general population IQ declines with age: early and rapidly in the case of performance IQ, later and more slowly in the case of verbal IQ. These populations have not apparently included people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Method: A literature search identified 11 studies, some…

Tested a normally developing child several times between 16 and 27 months of age for his ability to derive the relations between stimuli. Found that the child derived "mutual entailment" relations and showed "nonverbal exclusion" as early as 17 months. "Combinatorial entailment" relations and "verbal…

In a longitudinal study following prekindergarten children through first grade, the variables verbal memory, IQ, and speech perception together predicted 26% of growth in and 42% of the final status of phonological awareness. Results also suggest that the effect of speech perception on word decoding is mediated by phonological processing ability.…

Etiology of verbal and performance delays were investigated in a large population sample of twins at 2 and 3 years (N=2,449 pair). Longitudinal genetic analyses indicated substantial heritability of verbal delay from 2 to 3 years, especially in combination with performance delay. Results suggest a strong genetic contribution to verbal delay…

We examined individual differences in developmental trajectories of emotion situation knowledge (ESK), at three time points throughout elementary school in a sample of children from economically disadvantaged families. Results showed that ESK and the subscales of joy, fear, anger, shame and interest exhibited positive growth from the first to the…