Bases for recent allegations of sex bias in Kohlberg's theory of moral development are discussed, and studies comparing the development of moral reasoning across the sexes are reviewed. A meta-analysis supported the conclusion that the overall pattern is one of nonsignificant sex differences in moral reasoning. (Author/RH)

Analyzes empirical findings and conceptual problems to clarify how sex differences are related to communication. Finds that conceptual reasons for the muddled picture of sex differences in communication research include reliance on stereotypes, polarization of the sexes, lack of valid reasons, and dearth of theory. (SR)

A meta-analysis examined sex-related differences in conflict styles to resolve some of the competing claims about the existence, antecedents, and nature of these differences. To explore the effect of biological sex on the selection of conflict management strategies (CMS), existing studies relevant to sex differences in the selection of CMS were…

Used meta analysis to test predictions from psychoanalytic, parental investment, and differential socialization theories regarding gender differences in ability to resist temptation. Found that although females showed more restraint than males with a very small effect size, there were appreciable differences on forbidden-object tasks and very…

Provides a comprehensive summary of research literature on the accuracy of proxy reports of parental status characteristics. Tests four hypotheses in relation to the influence of the child-respondent's age, race, and gender and the parents' education or occupation on the accuracy of reporting. (LS/Author)

A meta-analysis was performed to synthesize existing research on the effect of gender differences on attitudes toward computers. A total of 106 studies were located from three sources, and their quantitative data were transformed into Effect Size. Nine variables were selected for coding: nationality of subjects, population group, sample size, type…

To help clarify the meaning of three social constructs (class, race/ethnicity, and gender) that have been persistent indicators of reading ability, a literature review examined 393 research reports published between 1985 and 1989 in four major journals that commonly present research on reading. Articles for the review were selected regardless of…

Current thought about the effects of single-parenting on children's sex-role development has supported (1) the traditional view that being raised in a single-parent home is deleterious to the well-being of children; (2) the conditional view noting that differences exist between children in father-absent and father-present homes (but only in…

An analysis of the findings in 70 U.S. and foreign studies that compare male and female students' performance on tests of cognitive functioning was conducted. The studies were reported in various science and psychology journals between 1965 and 1981. Overall, the results showed small but consistent gender differences, with males scoring slightly…

Two sets of meta-analyses examined gender effects on parents' observed language with their children. Findings indicated that mothers talked more, used more supportive and negative speech, and less directive and informing speech than fathers. Mothers talked more and used more supportive speech with daughters than sons. Effect sizes depended on…

Analysis of 165 studies (representing the testing of 1,418,899 subjects) that reported data on gender differences in verbal ability indicated a slight female superiority in performance. The difference is so small that it appears that gender differences in verbal ability no longer exist. A major goal was also to define age trends in the pattern of…

Used meta-analysis to examine premise that the early child-parent bond is reflected in interpersonal relationships across the life span. Found that overall effect size (ES) for child-mother attachment was small to moderate. ESs were similar in studies using Strange Situation and Q-sort methods. ESs were larger for middle childhood and adolescent…

Noting the fascination of both researchers and the general public with possible gender differences in human cognition and whether these differences originate in biology, childhood influences, or cultural stereotypes, this book summarizes research studies on gender differences in cognition. The book examines social and cultural implications of this…

A meta-analysis was conducted of 137 studies investigating the effects of father absence due to employment, military service, death, divorce, separation, or desertion on children's cognitive performance as assessed by scores on standardized intelligence, scholastic aptitude, and academic achievement tests and school grades. Aggregation of the…