In this essay, "Viewpoints: Transaction versus Interaction--A Terminological Rescue Operation," originally published in 1985 ("Research in the Teaching of English," 19, 96-107), Rosenblatt points out that no text can guarantee that the experience it provides will be "literary." A poem might be read for the emotional and intellectual experience it…

There is an abundance of theory concerning the effects of reading literature. Some researchers do reveal effects, but few explain them. When they do, the textual features examined are neither necessary nor sufficient for literariness. Three experiments are presented here that study the relation between literary text quality and literary reading…

Explores how two-year college students may be assisted in the transition from reader response criticism to literary analysis and research paper writing. Proposes a heuristic that requires student researchers to draw on previous student essays on their topic. (TB)

Discusses the problem of criticizing students' interpretations of poetry. Argues that faulty interpretations should only be ignored for artistic reasons, but should be called mistakes for factual and experiential reasons. (MM)

Shows how one teacher answered student questions about how a particular piece of literature came to be regarded as worthy of in-depth examination. Proposes that students be taught about various critical approaches, including Jungian/archetypal criticism, formalism, reader-response criticism, socio-historical and biographical criticism, and…

Discusses ways in which Mikhail Bakhtin's two key ideas--multivocality and carnival--are played out in John Knowles' novel "A Separate Peace." Suggests that the novel will remain vital, alive, and accessible to students as long as they hear, respond to, and participate in the dialogues in the novel. (RS)

Argues that recognition of the reader's role in the production of meanings in literary works has major consequences for the theory, research, and teaching of literature. Discusses the need to include the reader's role when writing the history of literature; develop new language for the description of the meanings of works; and develop new models…

Discusses the conflict over deconstruction, explaining its usefulness in reading, writing, and responding to poetry. After defining deconstruction, presents five approaches to deconstructive reading (self-referentiality, reading from different positions, binary oppositions, figurative/literal language, and intertextuality) and concludes that…

Indicates how current stylistic criticism might engage ideological issues by more fully developing M. Bakhtin's ideas through an approach called cultural stylistics. Notes that Bakhtin's own work was very much concerned with the divorce between ideological and formalist analysis, and his "sociological stylistics" was intended to…

Students knowledge of literary theories helps them to understand that there are many ways to know texts, to read and interpret them. Divergent and critical thinking about literature developed by high school students through analyzing a fairy tale, a short story and a novel are presented.

Using a canonical literary text to elucidate a noncanonical one--and vice versa--is an effective means of teaching multicultural literature. For instance, John Keats'"Ode to Melancholy" and many of his other poems comment on Murasaki Shikibu's 10th-century Japanese novel "The Tale of Genji." Helping college students to…

Reveals that both censors and adolescents interpret "Catcher in the Rye,""Go Ask Alice," and "A Hero Ain't Nothin But a Sandwich." Each group reacts only to certain subtexts (obscenity, sexuality, rebellion) rather than interacting with the books as a whole; thus misinterpretations are bound to continue. (SKC)

Reasons that teachers of literature should have as their focus not what writers do but what readers do in the process of reading literature. Concludes that readers construct literary works based on their own experience, education, and ability to imagine in response to a writer's suggestions. (JAD)

Relates how E.B. White's classic teaches the young reader the complicated pleasures of becoming a good writer. (HOD)

Reviews a sixth grader's book report on Paul Fox's "The Slave Dancer" and draws critical inferences about the student's lack of real engagement with literature. (TB)