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Peer reviewedMcPhail, Irving P. – English Quarterly, 1987
Traces the origins of the literacy tradition in indigenous African cultures to the use of the tools of literacy by two black social activists--W.E.B. Dubois and Malcolm X. Also stresses the relationship of literacy to social action, self-education, and liberation of the mind. (AEW)
Descriptors: Black Achievement, Black Education, Black History, Foreign Countries
Peer reviewedNtiri, Daphne W. – International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift fuer Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue Internationale de Pedagogie, 1993
Analyzes the obstacles to universal literacy in Africa including the colonial creation of a two-tier society, rapid population growth, and multiplicity of languages. Suggests that the power structure is such that it has a vested interest in the providing a limited amount of literacy without raising the populace's consciousness. (Contains 30…
Descriptors: Basic Skills, Foreign Countries, Functional Literacy, Illiteracy
