That "will" and "shall" are modal, not temporal, verbs is shown by their syntactic similarity to the modals and by the fact that they follow the same transformational rules as the modals. This example demonstrates the usefulness of transformational grammar in explaining grammatical relationships to students. (Text is in…

Paper to be presented at the Seventh International Congress of Slavists in Warsaw, Poland, August 1973. (DS)

Further evidence is offered to support the argument that ko-type o-ending syllables may have been secondary in nature in Old Japanese. Pre-Old Japanese indicates the */uwa/ sequence was manifested as /uwe/ and /uwu/ endings of o-ending syllable verbs. (SCC)

This article intends to point out the inadequacy of descriptions of certain categories of English grammar, giving special attention to the category of the "ing" form. (CFM)

This paper examines the question of aspect in Russian, never fully mastered by the non-native speaker. Definitions are not found to be adequate pedagogical tools; the difficulty seems to stem from the notion of binariness. Perfectivity in verbs stems from the concurrence of two features, rather than a single criterion. (CHK)

A comparison is made of two different approaches to the treatment of modals in the framework of a transformational grammar--that of Seuren, who analyzes modals as "operators," and that of the generative semanticists who take them to be "higher verbs." Implications for language teaching are discussed. (Author/RM)

Reviews aspects of Halliday's Systemic-Functional Grammar, emphasizing language functions, modality vs modulation, process types, transitivity, information distribution, and cohesion. Implications for language teaching are discussed. (AM)

Rules governing formulation of the embedded tense in Russian are explained and their importance to beginning students of Russian discussed. (RM)

Explores the use of reflexive pronouns in French. (Text is in French.) (CLK)

This article contrasts the prescriptive and descriptive meaning of the word "grammar," with examples drawn from the French verb system. (Text is in French.) (CLK)

The concept of register refers to variations in language determined by function, medium and formality or style. An examination of the registers of verb forms and noun phrases yielded results important to the writer of English language courses. (CK)

A method is proposed for formalizing the basic meanings underlying the forms of verbs which contain future reference. The method proposed is intended as a contribution to pedagogical grammar rather than theoretical linguistics. See FL 508 197 for availability. (Author/RM)

This paper explores the meanings and distribution of the perfect in contemporary American English prose, with reference to problems encountered in teaching English as a second language. The English perfect comprises forms traditionally called present perfect tense, past perfect tense, and perfects of the infinitive, gerund and present participle.…