This book explores how different European education systems manage multilingualism. Each chapter focuses on one of ten diverse settings (Andorra, Asturias, the Basque Country, Catalonia, England, Finland, France, Latvia, the Netherlands, and Romania) and considers how its education system is influenced by historical, sociolinguistic and…

A substantial share of public investment is spent on public procurement in the European Union (EU) (ca. EUR 2 trillion per annum, representing 14% of EU GDP) and quality public services depend on well-managed and efficient modern procurement. Improving public procurement can yield big savings: a 1% efficiency gain could save EUR 20 billion every…

Matters on compensation of moral damage are one of the most controversial and topical in enforcement practice for today, especially in developing countries, such as Kazakhstan. This is because the matters of protection of the individual, his moral rights and benefits are the same priority as the protection of property rights. In this paper, the…

This article looks at France's Loi Toubon, which mandates the use of French in private companies, to illustrate how macro-level language planning reaches a dead end if it fails to consider local contexts and involve micro-level agents. The motivations, limitations and contradictions of France's language policy in relation to companies are…

This book brings together current research by leading international scholars on the often contentious nature of language policies and their practical outcomes in North America, Australia and Europe. It presents a range of perspectives from which to engage with a variety of pressing issues raised by multilingualism, multiculturalism, immigration,…

The two words in the title of this article--"migration" and "integration"--are bound closely together. If migration is to achieve some kind of closure, if immigration is to be experienced by the individual as an event that has a conclusion and if the social and legal environment of their new setting is to be accepted, there has…

This is Volume 1 of the Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1895-96, containing Part I. The volume begins with the Commissioner of Education's Introduction and a section entitled, State Common School Systems. Part I includes the following chapters: (1) Laws Relating to City School Boards; (2) The English Education Bill of 1896;…

Early intervention in France begins with compulsory screening of all infants at birth, nine months, and at two years. Problems remain, especially in the availability of adequate support and of services for the handicapped child. Interdisciplinary teams operate from "early medico-social activity centers" to provide a variety of…

An increased interest in the position of women, stimulated by increasing numbers of women in the labor force as well as the women's movement, has resulted in a reexamination of women's status under social security programs in many countries. Five case studies (Belgium, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Great Britain, and United States), which…

Reviews history and content of recent U.S. child care and family legislation comparing it to that of four European nations on five policy objectives: increasing supply, supporting maternal employment, easing burdens of child rearing, permitting parental choice, and raising quality of programs. Recent legislation brings United States slightly…

Despite deficiencies in depository administration and circulation, recent legislation concerning government publications in France has increased the availability of information. In France, in contrast to Great Britain and the United States, the publication of government documents is not centralized but is the province of individual agencies.…

This comparative study on craft apprenticeship in Europe is divided into four parts. An introductory section analyzes developments and trends in apprenticeship training in Europe. The second section is a view of vocational training derived from interviews with European commission officials. Some common issues in apprenticeship training in Denmark,…

The recent Savary Law is regressive and political in a time when the French university system is already overburdened by economic crisis, declining enrollments, recent government mandates favoring research over higher education, poor manpower and curriculum planning, and inappropriate facilities. (MSE)

This paper examines ideological themes present in movements for child labor reform and in literature in 19th century France. Separate sections cover early industrialization and child labor reform, the image of the romantic child in French literature, and ideology and reforms. By the mid-19th century, England, America, and France all had their…

Examines cooperative efforts among nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in France to implement the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of the Child. Describes collaborative efforts between NGO committees and government authorities, highlighting government experts' recommendations for changes in four areas of French law to conform to…