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Leganes-Fonteneau, Mateo; Nikolaou, Kyriaki; Scott, Ryan; Duka, Theodora – Learning & Memory, 2019
Stimuli conditioned with a substance can generate drug-approach behaviors due to their acquired motivational properties. According to implicit theories of addiction, these stimuli can decrease cognitive control automatically. The present study (n = 49) examined whether reward-associated stimuli can interfere with cognitive processes in the absence…
Descriptors: Knowledge Level, Rewards, Conditioning, Bayesian Statistics
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Khan, Zaved Ahmed; Zafar, Shahila – English Language Teaching, 2010
Language anxiety is a prevalent phenomenon in second language learning. This experiment examines the arousal of anxiety caused by the introduction of a video camera at various points in a vocabulary learning task. Two hundred sixteen students of 1st-year university English language course were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (a) one group…
Descriptors: Anxiety, Cognitive Processes, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction