This study used a longitudinal person-oriented approach to examine whether two distinct developmental pathways of maladaptive motivation could be distinguished among high-ability students (intelligence quotient [IQ] [greater than or equal to] 120, N = 403, M[subscript age] = 12.2 years, 60.5% males), as proposed by the Pathways to Underachievement…

Numerous studies on blended learning have mentioned the positive impact of social support on students' attitudes and behaviors. However, organizational support is also crucial and should not be ignored. Therefore, this study examined the relationships between organizational support, information and communication technology (ICT) self-efficacy,…

In the language learning literature, games often deal with foreign language vocabulary, but rarely with learning sentences, and barely with conversations. This study set out to examine the effects of game-based learning on foreign language learners' learning of sentences and discourse-level forms in the following settings: "learning with game…

The synchronous hybrid learning model, which involves simultaneous face-to-face and remote learning, suffers from a disparity in the lesson experience and outcomes provided by the different learning modes. Moreover, the online medium allows little opportunity for teachers to exhibit non-verbal immediacy behaviours to improve cognitive engagement…

Recently, there has been considerable academic interest in the positive emotions of language learners. As a contribution to this field, the aims of this study were to identify foreign language pleasure (FLE) patterns and their relations with language learning motivation. A total of 145 Korean university students joined the study and their…

Within the field of music education, previous literature has examined numerous features of relationships between students and teachers, but survey instruments measuring these relationships from the student perspective are lacking. Accordingly, two studies were conducted to develop and evaluate a new survey instrument measuring students'…

This study examined adult learners' satisfaction, motivation, and engagement in online academic writing courses. Utilizing a mixed method, causal-comparative design, the study investigated the experiences of adult learners, who have distinctive characteristics from traditional learners. The findings revealed that adult learners are highly…

Desirable difficulties are learning conditions that are often experienced as effortful, but have a positive effect on learning results and transfer of knowledge and skills (Bjork & Bjork, 2011; Bjork, 1994). Learners often do not appreciate the beneficial effects of desirable difficulties, and the negative experiences of high effort and…

Big ideas, sometimes referred to as key, core, fundamental or threshold concepts, are widely applicable concepts at the heart of disciplines that are or have been central and influential for their fields. Attention here is particularly directed to meta-concepts common to sister disciplines in the sciences. "Learning thresholds",…

In e-learning environments, several activities are offered to learners, including learning and assessment activities. During these activities, the learner may encounter difficulties, such as blocking situations or lack of motivation. This paper presents a new approach to detect these difficulties based on the learner's emotional states and…

Based on the existing 3P model, this paper constructed a new 3P model under the blended-project-based learning (BPBL) environment, used the course teaching data to verify this model, and revealed the potential factors that affect the learning process and learning outcomes. The results showed that the presage variables of academic motivation and…

With the ability to provide feedback and assistance, humanoid educational robots have been proven effective in assisting students to overcome learning challenges and enhancing individual learning outcomes. However, the strength of humanoid robots in promoting social and emotional skills has not been well investigated. Socially supportive behaviour…

Math anxiety impacts negatively on the individual's ability to enjoy mathematics, their perception of their own ability in relation to mathematics and results in avoidance of mathematics activities. Self-efficacy, motivation, engagement and attainment are negatively impacted by math anxiety. This study aims to explore the literature to identify if…

This study focuses on the experimental design concept to test the association between academic achievement and sports participation of secondary students. This association was tested using qualitative and quantitative data analysis through a case study. Findings displayed a similarity with the conceptual model by Fejgin (1994), with three…

This study was conducted to model how teacher misbehaviors associate with reductions in students' sustained attention. Participants (N = 423 college students) responded to measures of their perceptions of teacher antagonism, affect for their instructor, intrinsic motivation to learn, and sustained attention throughout the semester. Results of a…