Publication Date
| In 2025 | 0 |
| Since 2024 | 0 |
| Since 2021 (last 5 years) | 0 |
| Since 2016 (last 10 years) | 1 |
| Since 2006 (last 20 years) | 1 |
Descriptor
Author
| Harper, William A. | 1 |
| Ivankova, Nataliya V. | 1 |
| Kochan, Frances K. | 1 |
| Mathews, Jerry G. | 1 |
| Spencer, William A. | 1 |
Publication Type
| Reports - Research | 2 |
| Journal Articles | 1 |
| Speeches/Meeting Papers | 1 |
| Tests/Questionnaires | 1 |
Education Level
| Elementary Education | 1 |
| Grade 8 | 1 |
| Junior High Schools | 1 |
| Middle Schools | 1 |
| Secondary Education | 1 |
Audience
Location
| Alabama | 2 |
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Direct linkHarper, William A.; Ivankova, Nataliya V. – AERA Online Paper Repository, 2017
Principals are increasingly held accountable for school achievement. This paper reports the results of a mixed methods sequential Quan --> Qual research study to explore how middle school principals created a culture of academic optimism (AO) that promoted high student achievement (SA). Based on the analysis of AO scores from 26 schools, mostly…
Descriptors: Principals, Academic Achievement, Middle School Students, High Achievement
Peer reviewedKochan, Frances K.; Spencer, William A.; Mathews, Jerry G. – Journal of School Leadership, 2000
Investigated (Alabama) principals' role perceptions and possible gender influences. Results show the principal's job has changed significantly during the past 5 years. Male and female respondents agreed about challenges and necessary skills, but differed on role perceptions. Women were more global and team-oriented; men were more managerial.…
Descriptors: Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Elementary Secondary Education, Gender Issues
